| Tissue Specificity | Ubiquitously expressed. Strongest expression in testis and fetal liver. |
| Post Translational Modifications | Phosphorylated by ATM at Thr-363 following ionizing radiation (IR). Phosphorylation at Ser-428 by RPS6KA1 and/or some PKA is required to inhibit cell growth. Phosphorylation at Ser-428 is also required during neuronal polarization to mediate phosphorylation of BRSK1 and BRSK2. Phosphorylation by PKC/PRKCZ at Ser-399 in isoform 2 promotes metformin (or peroxynitrite)-induced nuclear export of STK11 and activation of AMPK. UV radiation-induced phosphorylation at Thr-363 mediates CDKN1A degradation. Acetylated. Deacetylation at Lys-48 enhances cytoplasmic localization and kinase activity in vitro. |
| Function | Tumor suppressor serine/threonine-protein kinase that controls the activity of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) family members, thereby playing a role in various processes such as cell metabolism, cell polarity, apoptosis and DNA damage response. Acts by phosphorylating the T-loop of AMPK family proteins, thus promoting their activity: phosphorylates PRKAA1, PRKAA2, BRSK1, BRSK2, MARK1, MARK2, MARK3, MARK4, NUAK1, NUAK2, SIK1, SIK2, SIK3 and SNRK but not MELK. Also phosphorylates non-AMPK family proteins such as STRADA, PTEN and possibly p53/TP53. Acts as a key upstream regulator of AMPK by mediating phosphorylation and activation of AMPK catalytic subunits PRKAA1 and PRKAA2 and thereby regulates processes including: inhibition of signaling pathways that promote cell growth and proliferation when energy levels are low, glucose homeostasis in liver, activation of autophagy when cells undergo nutrient deprivation, and B-cell differentiation in the germinal center in response to DNA damage. Also acts as a regulator of cellular polarity by remodeling the actin cytoskeleton. Required for cortical neuron polarization by mediating phosphorylation and activation of BRSK1 and BRSK2, leading to axon initiation and specification. Involved in DNA damage response: interacts with p53/TP53 and recruited to the CDKN1A/WAF1 promoter to participate in transcription activation. Able to phosphorylate p53/TP53.the relevance of such result in vivo is however unclear and phosphorylation may be indirect and mediated by downstream STK11/LKB1 kinase NUAK1. Also acts as a mediator of p53/TP53-dependent apoptosis via interaction with p53/TP53: translocates to the mitochondrion during apoptosis and regulates p53/TP53-dependent apoptosis pathways. Regulates UV radiation-induced DNA damage response mediated by CDKN1A. In association with NUAK1, phosphorylates CDKN1A in response to UV radiation and contributes to its degradation which is necessary for optimal DNA repair. Isoform 2: Has a role in spermiogenesis. |
| Protein Name | Serine/Threonine-Protein Kinase Stk11Liver Kinase B1Lkb1Hlkb1Renal Carcinoma Antigen Ny-Ren-19 |
| Database Links | Reactome: R-HSA-163680Reactome: R-HSA-380972Reactome: R-HSA-6804756Reactome: R-HSA-9614657 |
| Cellular Localisation | NucleusCytoplasmMembraneMitochondrionA Small Fraction Localizes At MembranesRelocates To The Cytoplasm When Bound To Strad (Strada Or Stradb) And Cab39/Mo25 (Cab39/Mo25alpha Or Cab39l/Mo25beta)Translocates To The Mitochondrion During ApoptosisPten Promotes Cytoplasmic LocalizationIsoform 2: NucleusPredominantly NuclearBut Translocates To The Cytoplasm In Response To Metformin Or Peroxynitrite Treatment |
| Alternative Protein Names | Serine/Threonine-Protein Kinase Stk11 proteinLiver Kinase B1 proteinLkb1 proteinHlkb1 proteinRenal Carcinoma Antigen Ny-Ren-19 proteinSTK11 proteinLKB1 proteinPJS protein |
Information sourced from Uniprot.org
