| Host: | Rabbit |
| Applications: | WB/IHC-P |
| Reactivity: | Human/Mouse/Rat |
| Note: | STRICTLY FOR FURTHER SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH USE ONLY (RUO). MUST NOT TO BE USED IN DIAGNOSTIC OR THERAPEUTIC APPLICATIONS. |
| Clonality : | Polyclonal |
| Conjugation: | Unconjugated |
| Isotype: | IgG |
| Formulation: | PBS with 0.02% Sodium Azide, 50% Glycerol, pH 7.3. |
| Purification: | Affinity purification |
| Concentration: | Lot specific |
| Dilution Range: | WB:1:500-1:2000 IHC-P:1:50-1:100 |
| Storage Instruction: | Store at-20°C for up to 1 year from the date of receipt, and avoid repeat freeze-thaw cycles. |
| Gene Symbol: | EIF2S1 |
| Gene ID: | 1965 |
| Uniprot ID: | IF2A_HUMAN |
| Specificity: | A phospho specific peptide corresponding to residues surrounding S49 of human EIF2S1 |
| Post Translational Modifications | Phosphorylation at Ser-49 and Ser-52 stabilizes the eIF-2/GDP/eIF2B complex and prevents GDP/GTP exchange reaction, thus impairing the recycling of eIF-2 between successive rounds of initiation and leading to global inhibition of translation, while concomitantly initiating the preferential translation of integrated stress response (ISR)-specific mRNAs. Substrate for at least 4 kinases: EIF2AK1/HRI, EIF2AK2/PKR, EIF2AK3/PERK and EIF2AK4/GCN2. Phosphorylation on Ser-52 by the EIF2AK4/GCN2 protein kinase occurs in response to amino acid starvation and UV irradiation. Phosphorylation at Ser-52 by the EIF2AK3/PERK protein kinase occurs in response to the unfolded protein response. Phosphorylation at Ser-52 by EIF2AK1/HRI in response to mitochondrial damage promotes relocalization to the mitochondrial surface. (Microbial infection) Phosphorylation by vaccinia virus protein E3 and rotavirus A stabilizes the eIF-2/GDP/eIF2B complex and prevents GDP/GTP exchange reaction, thus impairing the recycling of eIF-2 between successive rounds of initiation and leading to global inhibition of translation. |
| Function | Member of the eIF2 complex that functions in the early steps of protein synthesis by forming a ternary complex with GTP and initiator tRNA. This complex binds to a 40S ribosomal subunit, followed by mRNA binding to form a 43S pre-initiation complex (43S PIC). Junction of the 60S ribosomal subunit to form the 80S initiation complex is preceded by hydrolysis of the GTP bound to eIF2 and release of an eIF2-GDP binary complex. In order for eIF2 to recycle and catalyze another round of initiation, the GDP bound to eIF2 must exchange with GTP by way of a reaction catalyzed by eIF2B. EIF2S1/eIF2-alpha is a key component of the integrated stress response (ISR), required for adaptation to various stress: phosphorylation by metabolic-stress sensing protein kinases (EIF2AK1/HRI, EIF2AK2/PKR, EIF2AK3/PERK and EIF2AK4/GCN2) in response to stress converts EIF2S1/eIF2-alpha in a global protein synthesis inhibitor, leading to an attenuation of cap-dependent translation, while concomitantly initiating the preferential translation of ISR-specific mRNAs, such as the transcriptional activators ATF4 and QRICH1, and hence allowing ATF4- and QRICH1-mediated reprogramming. EIF2S1/eIF2-alpha also acts as an activator of mitophagy in response to mitochondrial damage: phosphorylation by EIF2AK1/HRI promotes relocalization to the mitochondrial surface, thereby triggering PRKN-independent mitophagy. |
| Protein Name | Eukaryotic Translation Initiation Factor 2 Subunit 1 Eukaryotic Translation Initiation Factor 2 Subunit Alpha Eif-2-Alpha Eif-2a Eif-2alpha Eif2-Alpha |
| Database Links | Reactome: R-HSA-156827 Reactome: R-HSA-381042 Reactome: R-HSA-382556 Reactome: R-HSA-72649 Reactome: R-HSA-72695 Reactome: R-HSA-72702 Reactome: R-HSA-72706 Reactome: R-HSA-72731 Reactome: R-HSA-9633012 Reactome: R-HSA-9648895 Reactome: R-HSA-9833482 Reactome: R-HSA-9840373 |
| Cellular Localisation | Cytoplasm Stress Granule Cytosol Mitochondrion Colocalizes With Nanos3 In The Stress Granules Relocalizes To The Surface Of Mitochondria In Response To Mitochondrial Damage And Phosphorylation By Eif2ak1/Hri |
| Alternative Antibody Names | Anti-Eukaryotic Translation Initiation Factor 2 Subunit 1 antibody Anti-Eukaryotic Translation Initiation Factor 2 Subunit Alpha antibody Anti-Eif-2-Alpha antibody Anti-Eif-2a antibody Anti-Eif-2alpha antibody Anti-Eif2-Alpha antibody Anti-EIF2S1 antibody Anti-EIF2A antibody |
Information sourced from Uniprot.org