Background | The protein encoded by this gene is a cytokine that binds to the IL1RL1/ST2 receptor. The encoded protein is involved in the maturation of Th2 cells and the activation of mast cells, basophils, eosinophils and natural killer cells. Several transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. |
Tissue Specificity | Expressed at high level in high endothelial venules found in tonsils, Peyer patches and mesenteric lymph nodes. Almost undetectable in placenta. |
Post Translational Modifications | The full-length protein can be released from cells and is able to signal via the IL1RL1/ST2 receptor. However, proteolytic processing by CSTG/cathepsin G and ELANE/neutrophil elastase produces C-terminal peptides that are more active than the unprocessed full length protein. May also be proteolytically processed by calpains. Proteolytic cleavage mediated by apoptotic caspases including CASP3 and CASP7 results in IL33 inactivation. In vitro proteolytic cleavage by CASP1 was reported but could not be confirmed in vivo suggesting that IL33 is probably not a direct substrate for that caspase. |
Function | Cytokine that binds to and signals through the IL1RL1/ST2 receptor which in turn activates NF-kappa-B and MAPK signaling pathways in target cells. Involved in the maturation of Th2 cells inducing the secretion of T-helper type 2-associated cytokines. Also involved in activation of mast cells, basophils, eosinophils and natural killer cells. Acts as a chemoattractant for Th2 cells, and may function as an 'alarmin', that amplifies immune responses during tissue injury. In quiescent endothelia the uncleaved form is constitutively and abundantly expressed, and acts as a chromatin-associated nuclear factor with transcriptional repressor properties, it may sequester nuclear NF-kappaB/RELA, lowering expression of its targets. This form is rapidely lost upon angiogenic or proinflammatory activation. |
Database Links | Reactome: R-HSA-1257604 |
Cellular Localisation | NucleusChromosomeCytoplasmic VesicleSecretory VesicleSecretedAssociates With Heterochromatin And Mitotic Chromosomes |
Protein Name | Interleukin-33Il-33Interleukin-1 Family Member 11Il-1f11Nuclear Factor From High Endothelial VenulesNf-Hev Cleaved Into - Interleukin-3395-270 - Interleukin-3399-270 - Interleukin-33109-270 |
Alternative Names | Anti-Interleukin-33 antibodyAnti-Il-33 antibodyAnti-Interleukin-1 Family Member 11 antibodyAnti-Il-1f11 antibodyAnti-Nuclear Factor From High Endothelial Venules antibodyAnti-Nf-Hev Cleaved Into - Interleukin-33 antibodyAnti-95-270 - Interleukin-33 antibodyAnti-99-270 - Interleukin-33 antibodyAnti-109-270 antibodyAnti-IL33 antibodyAnti-C9orf26 antibodyAnti-IL1F11 antibodyAnti-NFHEV antibody |
Information sourced from uniprot.org