| Post Translational Modifications | Phosphorylated at Ser-139 by AURKB during mitosis, leading to abolish methyltransferase activity and the interaction with NPM1. |
| Function | RNA cytosine C(5)-methyltransferase that methylates cytosine to 5-methylcytosine (m5C) in various RNAs, such as tRNAs, mRNAs and some long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs). Involved in various processes, such as epidermal stem cell differentiation, testis differentiation and maternal to zygotic transition during early development: acts by increasing protein synthesis.cytosine C(5)-methylation promoting tRNA stability and preventing mRNA decay. Methylates cytosine to 5-methylcytosine (m5C) at positions 34 and 48 of intron-containing tRNA(Leu)(CAA) precursors, and at positions 48, 49 and 50 of tRNA(Gly)(GCC) precursors. tRNA methylation is required generation of RNA fragments derived from tRNAs (tRFs). Also mediates C(5)-methylation of mitochondrial tRNAs. Catalyzes cytosine C(5)-methylation of mRNAs, leading to stabilize them and prevent mRNA decay: mRNA stabilization involves YBX1 that specifically recognizes and binds m5C-modified transcripts. Cytosine C(5)-methylation of mRNAs also regulates mRNA export: methylated transcripts are specifically recognized by THOC4/ALYREF, which mediates mRNA nucleo-cytoplasmic shuttling. Also mediates cytosine C(5)-methylation of non-coding RNAs, such as vault RNAs (vtRNAs), promoting their processing into regulatory small RNAs. Cytosine C(5)-methylation of vtRNA VTRNA1.1 promotes its processing into small-vault RNA4 (svRNA4) and regulates epidermal differentiation. May act downstream of Myc to regulate epidermal cell growth and proliferation. Required for proper spindle assembly and chromosome segregation, independently of its methyltransferase activity. |
| Protein Name | Rna Cytosine C(5-Methyltransferase Nsun2Myc-Induced Sun Domain-Containing ProteinMisuNol1/Nop2/Sun Domain Family Member 2Substrate Of Aim1/Aurora Kinase BMrna Cytosine C(5-MethyltransferaseTrna Cytosine C(5-MethyltransferaseTrna Methyltransferase 4 HomologHtrm4 |
| Database Links | Reactome: R-HSA-6782315 |
| Cellular Localisation | NucleusNucleolusCytoplasmMitochondrionCytoskeletonSpindleSecretedExtracellular ExosomeConcentrated In The Nucleolus During Interphase And Translocates To The Spindle During Mitosis As An Rna-Protein Complex That Includes 18s Ribosomal RnaIn TestisLocalizes To The Chromatoid Body |
| Alternative Protein Names | Rna Cytosine C(5-Methyltransferase Nsun2 proteinMyc-Induced Sun Domain-Containing Protein proteinMisu proteinNol1/Nop2/Sun Domain Family Member 2 proteinSubstrate Of Aim1/Aurora Kinase B proteinMrna Cytosine C(5-Methyltransferase proteinTrna Cytosine C(5-Methyltransferase proteinTrna Methyltransferase 4 Homolog proteinHtrm4 proteinNSUN2 proteinSAKI proteinTRM4 protein |
Information sourced from Uniprot.org
