| Post Translational Modifications | Phosphorylation at Ser-68 attenuates aminoterminal homodimerization. Polyubiquitinated on Lys-285 via 'Lys-63'-linked ubiquitin.the ubiquitination is mediated downstream of NOD2 and RIPK2 and probably plays a role in signaling by facilitating interactions with ubiquitin domain-containing proteins and activates the NF-kappa-B pathway. Polyubiquitinated on Lys-285 and Lys-399 through 'Lys-63'-linked ubiquitin.the ubiquitination is mediated by BCL10, MALT1 and TRAF6 and probably plays a role in signaling by facilitating interactions with ubiquitin domain-containing proteins and activates the NF-kappa-B pathway. Monoubiquitinated on Lys-277 and Lys-309.promotes nuclear export. Polyubiquitinated through 'Lys-27' by TRIM23.involved in antiviral innate and inflammatory responses. Linear polyubiquitinated on Lys-111, Lys-143, Lys-226, Lys-246, Lys-264, Lys-277, Lys-285, Lys-292, Lys-302, Lys-309 and Lys-326.the head-to-tail polyubiquitination is mediated by the LUBAC complex and plays a key role in NF-kappa-B activation. Deubiquitinated by USP10 in a TANK-dependent and -independent manner, leading to the negative regulation of NF-kappa-B signaling upon DNA damage. Ubiquitinated at Lys-326 by MARCHF2 following bacterial and viral infection which leads to its degradation. Polyubiquitinated via 'Lys-29'-linked ubiquitin.leading to lysosomal degradation. Sumoylated on Lys-277 and Lys-309 with SUMO1.the modification results in phosphorylation of Ser-85 by ATM leading to a replacement of the sumoylation by mono-ubiquitination on these residues. Neddylated by TRIM40, resulting in stabilization of NFKBIA and down-regulation of NF-kappa-B activity. (Microbial infection) Cleaved by hepatitis A virus (HAV) protease 3C allowing the virus to disrupt the host innate immune signaling. (Microbial infection) Deubiquitinated by Epstein-Barr virus BPLF1 on both 'Lys-48' and 'Lys-63'-linked ubiquitin chains.leading to NF-kappa-B signaling inhibition. (Microbial infection) Polyubiquitinated on Lys-309 and Lys-321 via 'Lys-27'-linked ubiquitin by Shigella flexneri E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase ipah9.8, leading to its degradation by the proteasome. (Microbial infection) Polyubiquitination through 'Lys-63' is interrupted by interaction with SARS coronavirus-2/SARS-CoV-2 virus protein ORF9B which inhibits the NF-kappa-B pathway. |
| Function | Regulatory subunit of the IKK core complex which phosphorylates inhibitors of NF-kappa-B thus leading to the dissociation of the inhibitor/NF-kappa-B complex and ultimately the degradation of the inhibitor. Its binding to scaffolding polyubiquitin plays a key role in IKK activation by multiple signaling receptor pathways. Can recognize and bind both 'Lys-63'-linked and linear polyubiquitin upon cell stimulation, with a much higher affinity for linear polyubiquitin. Could be implicated in NF-kappa-B-mediated protection from cytokine toxicity. Essential for viral activation of IRF3. Involved in TLR3- and IFIH1-mediated antiviral innate response.this function requires 'Lys-27'-linked polyubiquitination. (Microbial infection) Also considered to be a mediator for HTLV-1 Tax oncoprotein activation of NF-kappa-B. |
| Protein Name | Nf-Kappa-B Essential ModulatorNemoFip-3Ikb Kinase-Associated Protein 1Ikkap1Inhibitor Of Nuclear Factor Kappa-B Kinase Subunit GammaI-Kappa-B Kinase Subunit GammaIkk-GammaIkkgIkb Kinase Subunit GammaNf-Kappa-B Essential Modifier |
| Database Links | Reactome: R-HSA-1169091Reactome: R-HSA-1236974Reactome: R-HSA-168638Reactome: R-HSA-168927Reactome: R-HSA-1810476Reactome: R-HSA-202424Reactome: R-HSA-2871837Reactome: R-HSA-445989Reactome: R-HSA-450302Reactome: R-HSA-450321Reactome: R-HSA-4755510Reactome: R-HSA-5357905Reactome: R-HSA-5357956Reactome: R-HSA-5602636Reactome: R-HSA-5603027Reactome: R-HSA-5603029Reactome: R-HSA-5607764Reactome: R-HSA-5684264Reactome: R-HSA-5689880Reactome: R-HSA-5689896Reactome: R-HSA-9020702Reactome: R-HSA-933542Reactome: R-HSA-933543Reactome: R-HSA-937039Reactome: R-HSA-937041Reactome: R-HSA-9705671Reactome: R-HSA-975144Reactome: R-HSA-9758274Reactome: R-HSA-9833482Reactome: R-HSA-9860276Reactome: R-HSA-9860927Reactome: R-HSA-9909505 |
| Cellular Localisation | CytoplasmNucleusSumoylated Nemo Accumulates In The Nucleus In Response To Genotoxic Stress |
| Alternative Protein Names | Nf-Kappa-B Essential Modulator proteinNemo proteinFip-3 proteinIkb Kinase-Associated Protein 1 proteinIkkap1 proteinInhibitor Of Nuclear Factor Kappa-B Kinase Subunit Gamma proteinI-Kappa-B Kinase Subunit Gamma proteinIkk-Gamma proteinIkkg proteinIkb Kinase Subunit Gamma proteinNf-Kappa-B Essential Modifier proteinIKBKG proteinFIP3 proteinNEMO protein |
Information sourced from Uniprot.org
