| Tissue Specificity | Predominantly expressed by neutrophils, monocytes and activated macrophages. Expressed by eosinophils and macrophages in asthmatic airways in regions where mast cells accumulate. Found in high concentrations in the serum of patients suffering from various inflammatory disorders, such as rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, and Kawasaki disease. |
| Function | S100A12 is a calcium-, zinc- and copper-binding protein which plays a prominent role in the regulation of inflammatory processes and immune response. Its pro-inflammatory activity involves recruitment of leukocytes, promotion of cytokine and chemokine production, and regulation of leukocyte adhesion and migration. Acts as an alarmin or a danger associated molecular pattern (DAMP) molecule and stimulates innate immune cells via binding to receptor for advanced glycation endproducts (AGER). Binding to AGER activates the MAP-kinase and NF-kappa-B signaling pathways leading to production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and up-regulation of cell adhesion molecules ICAM1 and VCAM1. Acts as a monocyte and mast cell chemoattractant. Can stimulate mast cell degranulation and activation which generates chemokines, histamine and cytokines inducing further leukocyte recruitment to the sites of inflammation. Can inhibit the activity of matrix metalloproteinases.MMP2, MMP3 and MMP9 by chelating Zn(2+) from their active sites. Possesses filariacidal and filariastatic activity. Calcitermin possesses antifungal activity against C.albicans and is also active against E.coli and P.aeruginosa but not L.monocytogenes and S.aureus. |
| Protein Name | Protein S100-A12CgrpCalcium-Binding Protein In Amniotic Fluid 1Caaf1Calgranulin-CCagcExtracellular Newly Identified Rage-Binding ProteinEn-RageMigration Inhibitory Factor-Related Protein 6Mrp-6P6Neutrophil S100 ProteinS100 Calcium-Binding Protein A12 Cleaved Into - Calcitermin |
| Database Links | Reactome: R-HSA-445989Reactome: R-HSA-6798695Reactome: R-HSA-879415Reactome: R-HSA-933542 |
| Cellular Localisation | SecretedCytoplasmCytoskeletonCell MembranePeripheral Membrane ProteinPredominantly Localized In The CytoplasmUpon Elevation Of The Intracellular Calcium LevelTranslocated From The Cytoplasm To The Cytoskeleton And The Cell MembraneUpon Neutrophil Activation Is Secreted Via A Microtubule-MediatedAlternative Pathway |
| Alternative Antibody Pair Names | Protein S100-A12 antibody pairCgrp antibody pairCalcium-Binding Protein In Amniotic Fluid 1 antibody pairCaaf1 antibody pairCalgranulin-C antibody pairCagc antibody pairExtracellular Newly Identified Rage-Binding Protein antibody pairEn-Rage antibody pairMigration Inhibitory Factor-Related Protein 6 antibody pairMrp-6 antibody pairP6 antibody pairNeutrophil S100 Protein antibody pairS100 Calcium-Binding Protein A12 Cleaved Into - Calcitermin antibody pairS100A12 antibody pair |
Information sourced from Uniprot.org
