| Post Translational Modifications | Full-length PAK2 is autophosphorylated when activated by CDC42/p21. Following cleavage, both peptides, PAK-2p27 and PAK-2p34, become highly autophosphorylated, with PAK-2p27 being phosphorylated on serine and PAK-2p34 on threonine residues, respectively. Autophosphorylation of PAK-2p27 can occur in the absence of any effectors and is dependent on phosphorylation of Thr-402, because PAK-2p27 is acting as an exogenous substrate. During apoptosis proteolytically cleaved by caspase-3 or caspase-3-like proteases to yield active PAK-2p34. Ubiquitinated, leading to its proteasomal degradation. PAK-2p34: PAK-2p34 is myristoylated. |
| Function | Serine/threonine protein kinase that plays a role in a variety of different signaling pathways including cytoskeleton regulation, cell motility, cell cycle progression, apoptosis or proliferation. Acts as a downstream effector of the small GTPases CDC42 and RAC1. Activation by the binding of active CDC42 and RAC1 results in a conformational change and a subsequent autophosphorylation on several serine and/or threonine residues. Full-length PAK2 stimulates cell survival and cell growth. Phosphorylates MAPK4 and MAPK6 and activates the downstream target MAPKAPK5, a regulator of F-actin polymerization and cell migration. Phosphorylates JUN and plays an important role in EGF-induced cell proliferation. Phosphorylates many other substrates including histone H4 to promote assembly of H3.3 and H4 into nucleosomes, BAD, ribosomal protein S6, or MBP. Phosphorylates CASP7, thereby preventing its activity. Additionally, associates with ARHGEF7 and GIT1 to perform kinase-independent functions such as spindle orientation control during mitosis. On the other hand, apoptotic stimuli such as DNA damage lead to caspase-mediated cleavage of PAK2, generating PAK-2p34, an active p34 fragment that translocates to the nucleus and promotes cellular apoptosis involving the JNK signaling pathway. Caspase-activated PAK2 phosphorylates MKNK1 and reduces cellular translation. |
| Protein Name | Serine/Threonine-Protein Kinase Pak 2Gamma-PakPak65S6/H4 KinaseP21-Activated Kinase 2Pak-2P58 Cleaved Into - Pak-2p27P27 - Pak-2p34P34C-T-Pak2 |
| Database Links | Reactome: R-HSA-164944Reactome: R-HSA-202433Reactome: R-HSA-211728Reactome: R-HSA-211733Reactome: R-HSA-211736Reactome: R-HSA-2871796Reactome: R-HSA-389359Reactome: R-HSA-3928664Reactome: R-HSA-399954Reactome: R-HSA-428540Reactome: R-HSA-4420097Reactome: R-HSA-445355Reactome: R-HSA-5218920Reactome: R-HSA-5621575Reactome: R-HSA-5627123Reactome: R-HSA-5687128Reactome: R-HSA-8950505Reactome: R-HSA-9013148Reactome: R-HSA-9013149Reactome: R-HSA-9013404Reactome: R-HSA-9013406Reactome: R-HSA-9013407Reactome: R-HSA-9013408Reactome: R-HSA-9013409Reactome: R-HSA-9013420Reactome: R-HSA-9013423Reactome: R-HSA-9013424 |
| Cellular Localisation | Serine/Threonine-Protein Kinase Pak 2: CytoplasmNucleusMyo18a Mediates The Cellular Distribution Of The Pak2-Arhgef7-Git1 Complex To The Inner Surface Of The Cell MembranePak-2p34: NucleusCytoplasmPerinuclear RegionMembraneLipid-AnchorInteraction With Arhgap10 Probably Changes Pak-2p34 Location To Cytoplasmic Perinuclear RegionMyristoylation Changes Pak-2p34 Location To The Membrane |
| Alternative Protein Names | Serine/Threonine-Protein Kinase Pak 2 proteinGamma-Pak proteinPak65 proteinS6/H4 Kinase proteinP21-Activated Kinase 2 proteinPak-2 proteinP58 Cleaved Into - Pak-2p27 proteinP27 - Pak-2p34 proteinP34 proteinC-T-Pak2 proteinPAK2 protein |
Information sourced from Uniprot.org
