| Tissue Specificity | Widely expressed with highest levels in brain and immune tissues. Isoform B: Predominant form in many tissues. |
| Post Translational Modifications | Phosphorylation results in its inactivation. ADP-ribosylation at Arg-125 is necessary and sufficient to activate P2RX7 and gate the channel. Palmitoylation of several cysteines in the C-terminal cytoplasmic tail is required for efficient localization to cell surface. Palmitoylation prevents channel desensitization by physically anchoring the palmitoylated groups to the membrane. |
| Function | ATP-gated nonselective transmembrane cation channel that requires high millimolar concentrations of ATP for activation. Upon ATP binding, it rapidly opens to allow the influx of small cations Na(+) and Ca(2+), and the K(+) efflux. Also has the ability to form a large pore in the cell membrane, allowing the passage of large cationic molecules. In microglia, may mediate NADPH transport across the plasma membrane. In immune cells, P2RX7 acts as a molecular sensor in pathological inflammatory states by detecting and responding to high local concentrations of extracellar ATP. In microglial cells, P2RX7 activation leads to the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-1beta and IL-18, through the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome and caspase-1. Cooperates with KCNK6 to activate NLRP3 inflammasome. Activates death pathways leading to apoptosis and autophagy. Activates death pathways leading to pyroptosis. Isoform B: Shows ion channel activity but no macropore function. Isoform H: Non-functional channel. Isoform J: Non-functional channel. |
| Protein Name | P2x Purinoceptor 7P2x7Atp ReceptorP2z ReceptorPurinergic Receptor |
| Database Links | Reactome: R-HSA-139853Reactome: R-HSA-418346Reactome: R-HSA-844456Reactome: R-HSA-9660826Reactome: R-HSA-9856532 |
| Cellular Localisation | Cell MembraneMulti-Pass Membrane Protein |
| Alternative ELISA Names | P2x Purinoceptor 7 ELISA kitP2x7 ELISA kitAtp Receptor ELISA kitP2z Receptor ELISA kitPurinergic Receptor ELISA kitP2RX7 ELISA kit |
| output | |
Information sourced from Uniprot.org
