This HTN3 Sandwich ELISA Kit is an in-vitro enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the measurement of samples in human saliva, tissue homogenates, cell lysates or other biological fluids..
Applications
ELISA
Reactivity
Human
Sensitivity
0.062ng/mL
Detection Limit
0.156-10ng/mL
Note
STRICTLY FOR FURTHER SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH USE ONLY (RUO). MUST NOT TO BE USED IN DIAGNOSTIC OR THERAPEUTIC APPLICATIONS.
Product Properties
Storage Instruction
Store the unopened kit in the fridge at 2-8°C for up to 6 months. Once opened store individual kit contents according to components table provided with the kit.
saliva, tissue homogenates, cell lysates or other biological fluids.
Additional Info
Tissue Specificity
Post Translational Modifications
24 proteolytic products are found in saliva.
Function
Histatins are cationic and histidine-rich peptides mainly found in the saliva of higher primates. They are considered to be major precursors of the protective proteinaceous structure on tooth surfaces (enamel pellicle). Hsts can be divided into two major groups according to their biological functions: antimicrobial Hsts (e.g. Hst 5/HTN3) and cell-activating Hsts (e.g. Hst 1/HTN1, Hst 2/HTN1 and Hst 3/HTN3). Histatin-3: Histatin 3 (Hst 3) is mostly involved in cell migration and wound healing in the oral cavity. Also stimulates cell proliferation after binding to heat shock protein HSC70, which enhances HSC70-CDKN1B complex formation and subsequent ubiquitination during G1/S transition. Also displays antifungal activity against pathogenic yeast Candida albicans, however with less effectiveness than Hst 5. His3-(20-43)-peptide: Histatin 5 (Hst 5), a fragment of Hst 3, is the major histatin exhibiting antifungal and antibacterial activities. It is effective against pathogenic yeast C.albicans, C.neoformans, C.glabrata and S.cerevisiae as well as ESKAPE bacterial pathogens. Secreted Hst 5 mediates a multi-step intracellular mechanism of action against the pathogen. Depending on peptide concentration and pathogen, uptake across the membrane can occur through transporters, direct interaction with plasma membrane and/or receptor-mediated endocytosis. Binds C.albicans cell wall proteins SSA1 and SSA2 and glycans in an energy-independent manner, then is taken up by the cells through fungal polyamine transporters DUR3 and DUR31 in an energy-dependent manner. Internalized Hst5 is then targeted to the energized mitochondrion to induce reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation and subsequent release of intracellular non-lytic ATP which ultimately leads to fungal cell death. In addition, inhibits C.albicans TRK1 potassium-transporter which causes exudation of intracellular K(+), generating an osmotic imbalance leading to delayed membrane lysis and cell death. Also acts as a potent inhibitor of bacterial proteases such as Lys-gingipain and Arg-gingipain (rgpB) from P.gingivalis as well as human metalloproteases MMP2 and MMP9. The binding of metals such as zinc, copper or nickel with Hst 5 results in the protection of the enamel and antimicrobial activities such as the inhibition of microbial growth by decreasing the metal concentration, the formation of ROS commonly associated with redox-active metals, the induction of membrane disruption mediated by zinc binding. Also involved in coating oral surfaces in the form of a salivary film which reduces colonization by C.albicans on epithelial cell surfaces. Secreted Hst 5 can also internalize mammalian epithelial cells and target the mitochondria although it does not exert cytotoxic effects in these cells. In contrast with Hst 3, not able to promote wound healing in mammalian host cells.
SecretedSecreted By Serous Acinar And Demilune CellsHis3-(20-43)-Peptide: SecretedMitochondrionTargeted To Mitochondria In Pathogen Cells After InternalizationAlso Localized In The Vacuole In Pathogen CellsAlso Co-Localized With Mitochondria After Internalization In Host Mammalian Cells
