| Tissue Specificity | Expressed in the cerebellum, in astrocytes of the cortex, in motor neurons and fibers of the lumbar spinal cord (at protein level). Expressed in goblet cells of the small intestine (at protein level). Increased in the cerebellum of schizophrenic patients (at protein level). Decreased in motor neurons of the spinal cord of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (at protein level). Expressed in the cerebellum, spinal cord, kidney, and thalamus. Abundant in glia of the cerebellum and predominantly neuronal in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, hippocampus and substantia nigra. |
| Post Translational Modifications | Phosphorylated in the cerebellum.probably not by PRKACA, PRKCA or PRKCE. May be S-nitrosylated, which partially inactivates the enzyme. |
| Function | Catalyzes the oxidative deamination of D-amino acids with broad substrate specificity. Required to catabolize D-amino acids synthesized endogenously, of gastrointestinal bacterial origin or obtained from the diet, and to use these as nutrients. Regulates the level of D-amino acid neurotransmitters in the brain, such as D-serine, a co-agonist of N-methyl D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors, and may modulate synaptic transmission. Catalyzes the first step of the racemization of D-DOPA to L-DOPA, for possible use in an alternative dopamine biosynthesis pathway. Also catalyzes the first step of the chiral inversion of N(gamma)-nitro-D-arginine methyl ester (D-NNA) to its L-enantiomer L-NNA that acts as a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor. The hydrogen peroxide produced in the reaction provides protection against microbial infection.it contributes to the oxidative killing activity of phagocytic leukocytes and protects against bacterial colonization of the small intestine. Enzyme secreted into the lumen of the intestine may not be catalytically active and could instead be proteolytically cleaved into peptides with antimicrobial activity. The hydrogen peroxide produced in the reaction may also play a role in promoting cellular senescence in response to DNA damage. Could act as a detoxifying agent which removes D-amino acids accumulated during aging. |
| Protein Name | D-Amino-Acid OxidaseDaaoDamoxDao |
| Database Links | Reactome: R-HSA-389661Reactome: R-HSA-9033241 |
| Cellular Localisation | Peroxisome MatrixCytoplasmCytosolPresynaptic Active ZoneSecretedTransiently Present In The Cytosol Before Being Delivered To The PeroxisomesIn The CerebellumA Fraction Of Protein Localizes To The Presynaptic Active ZoneWhere Its Activity Is Regulated By Protein BsnSecreted Into The Lumen Of The Small Intestine |
| Alternative Protein Names | D-Amino-Acid Oxidase proteinDaao proteinDamox proteinDao proteinDAO proteinDAMOX protein |
Information sourced from Uniprot.org
