| Tissue Specificity | Detected in blood plasma (at protein level). Predominantly expressed in brain, placenta, ovary, and small intestine. Expressed in a number of carcinomas such as hepatocellular and prostate carcinoma, neuroblastoma and non-small-cell lung cancer. Expressed in body fluids such as plasma, cerebral spinal fluid (CSF), saliva, follicular and amniotic fluids. Not detected in leukocytes. Isoform 1 is more highly expressed in peripheral tissues than in the central nervous system (CNS). Adipocytes only express isoform 1. Isoform 3 is more highly expressed in the brain than in peripheral tissues. |
| Post Translational Modifications | N-glycosylation, but not furin-cleavage, plays a critical role on secretion and on lysoPLD activity. The interdomain disulfide bond between Cys-414 and Cys-806 is essential for catalytic activity. |
| Function | Secreted lysophospholipase D that hydrolyzes lysophospholipids to produce the signaling molecule lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) in extracellular fluids. Its major substrate is lysophosphatidylcholine. Can also act on sphingosylphosphorylcholine producing sphingosine-1-phosphate, a modulator of cell motility. Can hydrolyze, in vitro, bis-pNPP, to some extent pNP-TMP, and barely ATP. Involved in several motility-related processes such as angiogenesis and neurite outgrowth. Acts as an angiogenic factor by stimulating migration of smooth muscle cells and microtubule formation. Stimulates migration of melanoma cells, probably via a pertussis toxin-sensitive G protein. May have a role in induction of parturition. Possible involvement in cell proliferation and adipose tissue development (Probable). Required for LPA production in activated platelets, cleaves the sn-1 lysophospholipids to generate sn-1 lysophosphatidic acids containing predominantly 18:2 and 20:4 fatty acids. Shows a preference for the sn-1 to the sn-2 isomer of 1-O-alkyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (lyso-PAF). |
| Protein Name | AutotaxinEctonucleotide Pyrophosphatase/Phosphodiesterase Family Member 2E-Npp 2Extracellular Lysophospholipase DLysopld |
| Database Links | Reactome: R-HSA-199220 |
| Cellular Localisation | Secreted |
| Alternative Antibody Names | Anti-Autotaxin antibodyAnti-Ectonucleotide Pyrophosphatase/Phosphodiesterase Family Member 2 antibodyAnti-E-Npp 2 antibodyAnti-Extracellular Lysophospholipase D antibodyAnti-Lysopld antibodyAnti-ENPP2 antibodyAnti-ATX antibodyAnti-PDNP2 antibody |
Information sourced from Uniprot.org
