| Function | Member of the eIF2 complex that functions in the early steps of protein synthesis by forming a ternary complex with GTP and initiator tRNA. This complex binds to a 40S ribosomal subunit, followed by mRNA binding to form a 43S pre-initiation complex. Junction of the 60S ribosomal subunit to form the 80S initiation complex is preceded by hydrolysis of the GTP bound to eIF2 and release of an eIF2-GDP binary complex. In order for eIF2 to recycle and catalyze another round of initiation, the GDP bound to eIF2 must exchange with GTP by way of a reaction catalyzed by eIF2B. EIF2S1/eIF2-alpha is a key component of the integrated stress response (ISR), required for adaptation to various stress: phosphorylation by metabolic-stress sensing protein kinases (EIF2AK1/HRI, EIF2AK2/PKR, EIF2AK3/PERK and EIF2AK4/GCN2) in response to stress converts EIF2S1/eIF-2-alpha in a global protein synthesis inhibitor, leading to a attenuation of cap-dependent translation, while concomitantly initiating the preferential translation of ISR-specific mRNAs, such as the transcriptional activators ATF4 and QRICH1, and hence allowing ATF4- and QRICH1-mediated reprogramming. EIF2S1/eIF2-alpha also acts as an activator of mitophagy in response to mitochondrial damage: phosphorylation by EIF2AK1/HRI promotes relocalization to the mitochondrial surface, thereby triggering PRKN-independent mitophagy. |
| Protein Name | Eukaryotic Translation Initiation Factor 2 Subunit 1Eukaryotic Translation Initiation Factor 2 Subunit AlphaEif-2-AlphaEif-2aEif-2alphaEif2-Alpha |
| Database Links | Reactome: R-MMU-156827Reactome: -MMU-381042Reactome: -MMU-382556Reactome: -MMU-72649Reactome: -MMU-72695Reactome: -MMU-72702Reactome: -MMU-72706Reactome: -MMU-72731Reactome: -MMU-9840373 |
| Cellular Localisation | CytoplasmStress GranuleCytosolMitochondrionColocalizes With Nanos3 In The Stress GranulesRelocalizes To The Surface Of Mitochondria In Response To Mitochondrial Damage And Phosphorylation By Eif2ak1/Hri |
| Alternative Antibody Names | Anti-Eukaryotic Translation Initiation Factor 2 Subunit 1 antibodyAnti-Eukaryotic Translation Initiation Factor 2 Subunit Alpha antibodyAnti-Eif-2-Alpha antibodyAnti-Eif-2a antibodyAnti-Eif-2alpha antibodyAnti-Eif2-Alpha antibodyAnti-Eif2s1 antibodyAnti-Eif2a antibody |
Information sourced from Uniprot.org
