| Post Translational Modifications | Phosphorylated on Ser-19, Ser-31 and Ser-40 by several protein kinases with different site specificities. Phosphorylation at Ser-31 and Ser-40 leads to an increase of TH activity. Phosphorylation at Ser-40 activates the enzyme and also counteracts the feedback inhibition of TH by catecholamines. Phosphorylation of Ser-19 and Ser-31 triggers the proteasomal degradation of TH through the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. Phosphorylation at Ser-31 facilitates transport of TH from the soma to the nerve terminals via the microtubule network. Phosphorylation at Ser-19 induces the high-affinity binding to the 14-3-3 protein YWHAG.this interaction may influence the phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of other sites. Ser-19 increases the phosphorylation at Ser-40 in a hierarchical manner, leading to increased activity. |
| Function | Catalyzes the conversion of L-tyrosine to L-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-Dopa), the rate-limiting step in the biosynthesis of cathecolamines, dopamine, noradrenaline, and adrenaline. Uses tetrahydrobiopterin and molecular oxygen to convert tyrosine to L-Dopa. In addition to tyrosine, is able to catalyze the hydroxylation of phenylalanine and tryptophan with lower specificity. Positively regulates the regression of retinal hyaloid vessels during postnatal development. |
| Protein Name | Tyrosine 3-MonooxygenaseTyrosine 3-HydroxylaseTh |
| Database Links | Reactome: R-MMU-209905 |
| Cellular Localisation | CytoplasmPerinuclear RegionNucleusCell ProjectionAxonCytoplasmic VesicleSecretory VesicleSynaptic VesicleWhen Phosphorylated At Ser-19 Shows A Nuclear Distribution And When Phosphorylated At Ser-31 As Well As At Ser-40 Shows A Cytosolic DistributionExpressed In Dopaminergic Axons And Axon Terminals |
| Alternative Protein Names | Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase proteinTyrosine 3-Hydroxylase proteinTh proteinTh protein |
Information sourced from Uniprot.org
