| Function | E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that mediates monoubiquitination of 'Lys-119' of histone H2A (H2AK119Ub), thereby playing a central role in histone code and gene regulation. H2AK119Ub gives a specific tag for epigenetic transcriptional repression and participates in X chromosome inactivation of female mammals. May be involved in the initiation of both imprinted and random X inactivation. Essential component of a Polycomb group (PcG) multiprotein PRC1-like complex, a complex class required to maintain the transcriptionally repressive state of many genes, including Hox genes, throughout development. PcG PRC1 complex acts via chromatin remodeling and modification of histones, rendering chromatin heritably changed in its expressibility. E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase activity is enhanced by BMI1/PCGF4. Acts as the main E3 ubiquitin ligase on histone H2A of the PRC1 complex, while RING1 may rather act as a modulator of RNF2/RING2 activity (Probable). Association with the chromosomal DNA is cell-cycle dependent. In resting B- and T-lymphocytes, interaction with AURKB leads to block its activity, thereby maintaining transcription in resting lymphocytes. Also acts as a negative regulator of autophagy by mediating ubiquitination of AMBRA1, leading to its subsequent degradation. |
| Protein Name | E3 Ubiquitin-Protein Ligase Ring2Huntingtin-Interacting Protein 2-Interacting Protein 3Hip2-Interacting Protein 3Protein DingRing Finger Protein 1bRing1bRing Finger Protein 2Ring Finger Protein Bap-1Ring-Type E3 Ubiquitin Transferase Ring2 |
| Database Links | Reactome: R-HSA-2559580Reactome: R-HSA-3108214Reactome: R-HSA-3899300Reactome: R-HSA-4551638Reactome: R-HSA-4570464Reactome: R-HSA-4655427Reactome: R-HSA-8939243Reactome: R-HSA-8943724Reactome: R-HSA-8953750 |
| Cellular Localisation | NucleusCytoplasmChromosomeEnriched On Inactive X Chromosome (Xi) In Female Trophoblast Stem (Ts) Cells As Well As Differentiating Embryonic Stem (Es) CellsThe Enrichment On Xi Is Transient During Ts And Es Cell DifferentiationThe Association With Xi Is Mitotically Stable In Non-Differentiated Ts CellsCo-Localizes With Samd7 In Nuclear Polycomb Bodies |
| Alternative Protein Names | E3 Ubiquitin-Protein Ligase Ring2 proteinHuntingtin-Interacting Protein 2-Interacting Protein 3 proteinHip2-Interacting Protein 3 proteinProtein Ding proteinRing Finger Protein 1b proteinRing1b proteinRing Finger Protein 2 proteinRing Finger Protein Bap-1 proteinRing-Type E3 Ubiquitin Transferase Ring2 proteinRNF2 proteinBAP1 proteinDING proteinHIPI3 proteinRING1B protein |
Information sourced from Uniprot.org
