| Post Translational Modifications | Phosphorylation at Thr-161 by PKC/PKCD increases its phospholipid scramblase activity during both cell stimulation and apoptosis. Phosphorylated by OXSR1 in the presence of RELT. Palmitoylation is required for its phospholipid scramblase activity. Palmitoylation regulates its localization to the cell membrane or the nucleus.trafficking to the cell membrane is dependent upon palmitoylation whereas in the absence of palmitoylation, localizes to the nucleus. |
| Function | Catalyzes calcium-induced ATP-independent rapid bidirectional and non-specific movement of phospholipids (lipid scrambling or lipid flip-flop) between the inner and outer leaflet of the plasma membrane resulting in collapse of the phospholipid asymmetry which leads to phosphatidylserine externalization on the cell surface. Mediates calcium-dependent phosphatidylserine externalization and apoptosis in neurons via its association with TRPC5. Also exhibits magnesium-dependent nuclease activity against double-stranded DNA and RNA but not single-stranded DNA and can enhance DNA decatenation mediated by TOP2A. Negatively regulates FcR-mediated phagocytosis in differentiated macrophages. May contribute to cytokine-regulated cell proliferation and differentiation. May play a role in the antiviral response of interferon (IFN) by amplifying and enhancing the IFN response through increased expression of select subset of potent antiviral genes. Inhibits the functions of viral transactivators, including human T-cell leukemia virus (HTLV)-1 protein Tax, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 Tat, human hepatitis B virus (HBV) HBx, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) BZLF1 and human cytomegalovirus IE1 and IE2 proteins through direct interactions. Mediates also the inhibition of influenza virus infection by preventing nuclear import of the viral nucleoprotein/NP. Plays a crucial role as a defense factor against SARS-CoV-2 independently of its scramblase activity by directly targeting nascent viral vesicles to prevent virus-membrane fusion and the release of viral RNA into the host-cell cytosol. (Microbial infection) Acts as an attachment receptor for HCV. |
| Protein Name | Phospholipid Scramblase 1Pl Scramblase 1Ca(2+-Dependent Phospholipid Scramblase 1Erythrocyte Phospholipid ScramblaseMg(2+-Dependent NucleaseMmtra1b |
| Cellular Localisation | Cell MembraneSingle-Pass Type Ii Membrane ProteinLipid-AnchorCytoplasmic SideNucleusCytoplasmPerinuclear RegionLocalizes To The Perinuclear Region In The Presence Of ReltPalmitoylation Regulates Its Localization To The Cell Membrane Or The NucleusTrafficking To The Cell Membrane Is Dependent Upon Palmitoylation Whereas In The Absence Of PalmitoylationLocalizes To The Nucleus |
| Alternative Protein Names | Phospholipid Scramblase 1 proteinPl Scramblase 1 proteinCa(2+-Dependent Phospholipid Scramblase 1 proteinErythrocyte Phospholipid Scramblase proteinMg(2+-Dependent Nuclease proteinMmtra1b proteinPLSCR1 protein |
Information sourced from Uniprot.org
