| Post Translational Modifications | Isoform p46: Prenylated at C-terminal. C-terminal prenylation is necessary to initiate a block to SARS-CoV-2 and is associated with protection from severe COVID-1. The prenylated form is targeted to perinuclear structures rich in viral dsRNA, whereas the non-prenylated form is diffusely localized and unable to initiate a detectable block to SARS-CoV-2 replication (Probable). C-terminal prenylation is also necessary to initiate a block to cardiovirus EMCV (Probable). Isoform p42: Not prenylated at C-terminal. The non-prenylated form is diffusely localized and unable to initiate a detectable block to SARS-CoV-2 replication. |
| Function | Interferon-induced, dsRNA-activated antiviral enzyme which plays a critical role in cellular innate antiviral response. In addition, it may also play a role in other cellular processes such as apoptosis, cell growth, differentiation and gene regulation. Synthesizes higher oligomers of 2'-5'-oligoadenylates (2-5A) from ATP which then bind to the inactive monomeric form of ribonuclease L (RNase L) leading to its dimerization and subsequent activation. Activation of RNase L leads to degradation of cellular as well as viral RNA, resulting in the inhibition of protein synthesis, thus terminating viral replication. Can mediate the antiviral effect via the classical RNase L-dependent pathway or an alternative antiviral pathway independent of RNase L. The secreted form displays antiviral effect against vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2), and encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV) and stimulates the alternative antiviral pathway independent of RNase L. Isoform p46: When prenylated at C-terminal, acts as a double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) sensor specifically targeted to membranous replicative organelles in SARS coronavirus-2/SARS-CoV-2 infected cells where it binds to dsRNA structures in the SARS-CoV-2 5'-UTR and initiates a potent block to SARS-CoV-2 replication. Recognizes short stretches of dsRNA and activates RNase L. The binding is remarkably specific, with two conserved stem loops in the SARS-CoV-2 5'- untranslated region (UTR) constituting the principal viral target. The same mechanism is necessary to initiate a block to cardiovirus EMCV. Isoform p42: Not prenylated at C-terminal, is diffusely localized and unable to initiate a detectable block to SARS-CoV-2 replication. |
| Protein Name | 2'-5'-Oligoadenylate Synthase 1(2-5'Oligo(A Synthase 12-5a Synthase 1E18/E16P46/P42 Oas |
| Database Links | Reactome: R-HSA-877300Reactome: R-HSA-8983711Reactome: R-HSA-909733 |
| Cellular Localisation | CytoplasmMitochondrionNucleusMicrosomeEndoplasmic ReticulumSecretedAssociated With Different Subcellular Fractions Such As MitochondrialNuclearAnd Rough/Smooth Microsomal FractionsIsoform P46: (Microbial Infection) In Sars Coronavirus-2/Sars-Cov-2 Infected CellsPrenylated Form Localizes To Membranous Perinuclear Structures Reminiscent Of The Endoplasmic Reticulum Rich In Viral Dsrna Which Are Sars-Cov-2 Replicative OrganellesIsoform P42: (Microbial Infection) In Sars Coronavirus-2/Sars-Cov-2 Infected CellsSince Its Not PrenylatedIs Diffusely Localized And Unable To Initiate A Detectable Block To Sars-Cov-2 Replication |
| Alternative Protein Names | 2'-5'-Oligoadenylate Synthase 1 protein(2-5'Oligo(A Synthase 1 protein2-5a Synthase 1 proteinE18/E16 proteinP46/P42 Oas proteinOAS1 proteinOIAS protein |
Information sourced from Uniprot.org
