| Tissue Specificity | Highly expressed in tissues containing epithelial cells: skin, lung, stomach and esophagus. Expressed in bronchial epithelial. In skin is expressed only in keratinocytes but not in fibroblasts, endothelial cells or melanocytes. Up-regulated in lesional psoriasis skin. Expressed in monocyte-derived dendritic cells and M1 macrophages. |
| Post Translational Modifications | N-terminal truncation leads to a dramatic enhancement of its activity (>1000-fold). Proteolytically cleaved by cathepsin CTSG. |
| Function | Cytokine that binds to and signals through the IL1RL2/IL-36R receptor which in turn activates NF-kappa-B and MAPK signaling pathways in target cells. Part of the IL-36 signaling system that is thought to be present in epithelial barriers and to take part in local inflammatory response.similar to the IL-1 system with which it shares the coreceptor IL1RAP. Seems to be involved in skin inflammatory response by acting on keratinocytes, dendritic cells and indirectly on T-cells to drive tissue infiltration, cell maturation and cell proliferation. In cultured keratinocytes induces the expression of macrophage, T-cell, and neutrophil chemokines, such as CCL3, CCL4, CCL5, CCL2, CCL17, CCL22, CL20, CCL5, CCL2, CCL17, CCL22, CXCL8, CCL20 and CXCL1.also stimulates its own expression and that of the prototypic cutaneous pro-inflammatory parameters TNF-alpha, S100A7/psoriasin and inducible NOS. May play a role in pro-inflammatory responses during particular neutrophilic airway inflammation: activates mitogen-activated protein kinases and NF-kappa B in primary lung fibroblasts, and stimulates the expression of IL-8 and CXCL3 and Th17 chemokine CCL20 in lung fibroblasts. May be involved in the innate immune response to fungal pathogens, such as Aspergillus fumigatus. |
| Protein Name | Interleukin-36 GammaIl-1-Related Protein 2Il-1rp2Interleukin-1 EpsilonIl-1 EpsilonInterleukin-1 Family Member 9Il-1f9Interleukin-1 Homolog 1Il-1h1 |
| Database Links | Reactome: R-HSA-9014826 |
| Cellular Localisation | CytoplasmSecretedThe Secretion Is Dependent On Protein Unfolding And Facilitated By The Cargo Receptor Tmed10It Results In Protein Translocation From The Cytoplasm Into The Ergic (Endoplasmic Reticulum-Golgi Intermediate Compartment) Followed By Vesicle Entry And Secretion |
| Alternative Protein Names | Interleukin-36 Gamma proteinIl-1-Related Protein 2 proteinIl-1rp2 proteinInterleukin-1 Epsilon proteinIl-1 Epsilon proteinInterleukin-1 Family Member 9 proteinIl-1f9 proteinInterleukin-1 Homolog 1 proteinIl-1h1 proteinIL36G proteinIL1E proteinIL1F9 proteinIL1H1 proteinIL1RP2 proteinUNQ2456 proteinPRO5737 protein |
Information sourced from Uniprot.org
