| Post Translational Modifications | Constitutively phosphorylated on two or three sites. Hyperphosphorylated at early stages of apoptosis, followed by dephosphorylation and methylation, which coincides with chromatin condensation. Isoforms HMG-I and HMG-Y can be phosphorylated by HIPK2. Phosphorylation of HMG-I at Ser-36, Thr-53 and Thr-78 and of HMG-Y at Thr-42 and Thr-67 by HIPK2 modulates DNA-binding affinity. HMG-Y is not methylated. Methylation at Arg-58 is mutually exclusive with methylation at Arg-60. |
| Function | HMG-I/Y bind preferentially to the minor groove of A+T rich regions in double-stranded DNA. It is suggested that these proteins could function in nucleosome phasing and in the 3'-end processing of mRNA transcripts. They are also involved in the transcription regulation of genes containing, or in close proximity to A+T-rich regions. |
| Protein Name | High Mobility Group Protein Hmg-I/Hmg-YHmg-I(YHigh Mobility Group At-Hook Protein 1High Mobility Group Protein A1High Mobility Group Protein R |
| Database Links | Reactome: R-HSA-162592Reactome: R-HSA-164843Reactome: R-HSA-175567Reactome: R-HSA-177539Reactome: R-HSA-180689Reactome: R-HSA-180910Reactome: R-HSA-2559584 |
| Cellular Localisation | NucleusChromosome |
| Alternative Protein Names | High Mobility Group Protein Hmg-I/Hmg-Y proteinHmg-I(Y proteinHigh Mobility Group At-Hook Protein 1 proteinHigh Mobility Group Protein A1 proteinHigh Mobility Group Protein R proteinHMGA1 proteinHMGIY protein |
Information sourced from Uniprot.org
