| Function | A cytochrome P450 monooxygenase involved in the metabolism of various endogenous substrates, including fatty acids, steroid hormones and vitamins. Mechanistically, uses molecular oxygen inserting one oxygen atom into a substrate, and reducing the second into a water molecule, with two electrons provided by NADPH via cytochrome P450 reductase (NADPH--hemoprotein reductase). Catalyzes the hydroxylation of carbon-hydrogen bonds. Exhibits high catalytic activity for the formation of hydroxyestrogens from estrone (E1) and 17beta-estradiol (E2), namely 2-hydroxy E1 and E2. Metabolizes cholesterol toward 25-hydroxycholesterol, a physiological regulator of cellular cholesterol homeostasis. May act as a major enzyme for all-trans retinoic acid biosynthesis in the liver. Catalyzes two successive oxidative transformation of all-trans retinol to all-trans retinal and then to the active form all-trans retinoic acid. Primarily catalyzes stereoselective epoxidation of the last double bond of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), displaying a strong preference for the (R,S) stereoisomer. Catalyzes bisallylic hydroxylation and omega-1 hydroxylation of PUFA. May also participate in eicosanoids metabolism by converting hydroperoxide species into oxo metabolites (lipoxygenase-like reaction, NADPH-independent). Plays a role in the oxidative metabolism of xenobiotics. Catalyzes the N-hydroxylation of heterocyclic amines and the O-deethylation of phenacetin. Metabolizes caffeine via N3-demethylation (Probable). |
| Protein Name | Cytochrome P450 1a2Cypia2Cholesterol 25-HydroxylaseCytochrome P(3450Cytochrome P450 4Cytochrome P450-P3Hydroperoxy Icosatetraenoate Dehydratase |
| Database Links | Reactome: R-HSA-156581Reactome: R-HSA-211957Reactome: R-HSA-2142670Reactome: R-HSA-2142816Reactome: R-HSA-5423646Reactome: R-HSA-9018681Reactome: R-HSA-9027307 |
| Cellular Localisation | Endoplasmic Reticulum MembranePeripheral Membrane ProteinMicrosome Membrane |
| Alternative Protein Names | Cytochrome P450 1a2 proteinCypia2 proteinCholesterol 25-Hydroxylase proteinCytochrome P(3450 proteinCytochrome P450 4 proteinCytochrome P450-P3 proteinHydroperoxy Icosatetraenoate Dehydratase proteinCYP1A2 protein |
Information sourced from Uniprot.org
