| Tissue Specificity | Detected in cerebrospinal fluid (at protein level). Detected in urine (at protein level). GE-25: Found in the brain. |
| Post Translational Modifications | Sulfated on tyrosine residues and/or contains sulfated glycans. O-glycosylated with core 1 or possibly core 8 glycans. Contains chondroitin sulfate (CS).CS attachment is pH-dependent, being observed at mildly acidic conditions of pH 5 but not at neutral pH, and promotes self-assembly in vitro. Proteolytic processing gives rise to an additional longer form of catestatin (residues 358-390) which displays a less potent catecholamine release-inhibitory activity. Plasmin-mediated proteolytic processing can give rise to additional shorter and longer forms of catestatin peptides. |
| Function | Pancreastatin: Strongly inhibits glucose induced insulin release from the pancreas. Catestatin: Inhibits catecholamine release from chromaffin cells and noradrenergic neurons by acting as a non-competitive nicotinic cholinergic antagonist. Displays antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria S.aureus and M.luteus, and Gram-negative bacteria E.coli and P.aeruginosa. Can induce mast cell migration, degranulation and production of cytokines and chemokines. Acts as a potent scavenger of free radicals in vitro. May play a role in the regulation of cardiac function and blood pressure. Serpinin: Regulates granule biogenesis in endocrine cells by up-regulating the transcription of protease nexin 1 (SERPINE2) via a cAMP-PKA-SP1 pathway. This leads to inhibition of granule protein degradation in the Golgi complex which in turn promotes granule formation. |
| Protein Name | Chromogranin-ACgaPituitary Secretory Protein ISp-I Cleaved Into - Vasostatin-1Vasostatin I - Vasostatin-2Vasostatin Ii - Ea-92 - Es-43 - Pancreastatin - Ss-18 - Wa-8 - We-14 - Lf-19 - CatestatinSl21 - Al-11 - Gv-19 - Gr-44 - Er-37 - Ge-25 - Serpinin-Rrg - Serpinin - P-Glu Serpinin Precursor |
| Database Links | Reactome: R-HSA-6803157 |
| Cellular Localisation | Serpinin: SecretedCytoplasmic VesicleSecretory VesiclePyroglutaminated Serpinin Localizes To Secretory VesicleNeuronal Dense Core VesicleSecretedAssociated With The Secretory Granule Membrane Through Direct Interaction To Scg3 That In Turn Binds To Cholesterol-Enriched Lipid Rafts In Intragranular ConditionsIn Pituitary GonadotropesLocated In Large Secretory Granules |
| Alternative Protein Names | Chromogranin-A proteinCga proteinPituitary Secretory Protein I proteinSp-I Cleaved Into - Vasostatin-1 proteinVasostatin I - Vasostatin-2 proteinVasostatin Ii - Ea-92 - Es-43 - Pancreastatin - Ss-18 - Wa-8 - We-14 - Lf-19 - Catestatin proteinSl21 - Al-11 - Gv-19 - Gr-44 - Er-37 - Ge-25 - Serpinin-Rrg - Serpinin - P-Glu Serpinin Precursor proteinCHGA protein |
Information sourced from Uniprot.org
