| Tissue Specificity | In the embryo, strong expression is seen in the palatal epithelia, including the medial edge epithelial and midline epithelial seam of the palatal shelves. Less pronounced expression is also seen throughout the palatal shelf and tongue mesenchyme. |
| Post Translational Modifications | Synthesized as large precursor molecule that undergoes proteolytic cleavage by furin-like proteases. This produces an inactive form consisting of the mature C-terminal portion non-covalently bound to its cleaved N-terminal propeptide. Activation of the mature form requires additional cleavage of the propeptide by a tolloid-like metalloproteinase. |
| Function | Secreted signal that acts globally to regulate anterior/posterior axial patterning during development. May play critical roles in patterning both mesodermal and neural tissues. It is required for proper vertebral patterning and orofacial development. Signals through activin receptors type-2, ACVR2A and ACVR2B, and activin receptors type-1, ACVR1B, ACVR1C and TGFBR1 leading to the phosphorylation of SMAD2 and SMAD3. |
| Protein Name | Growth/Differentiation Factor 11Gdf-11Bone Morphogenetic Protein 11Bmp-11 |
| Database Links | |
| Cellular Localisation | Secreted |
| Alternative Protein Names | Growth/Differentiation Factor 11 proteinGdf-11 proteinBone Morphogenetic Protein 11 proteinBmp-11 proteinGDF11 proteinBMP11 protein |
Information sourced from Uniprot.org
