| Post Translational Modifications | Monoubiquitination at Lys-35 (H2BK34Ub) by the MSL1/MSL2 dimer is required for histone H3 'Lys-4' (H3K4me) and 'Lys-79' (H3K79me) methylation and transcription activation at specific gene loci, such as HOXA9 and MEIS1 loci. Similarly, monoubiquitination at Lys-121 (H2BK120Ub) by the RNF20/40 complex gives a specific tag for epigenetic transcriptional activation and is also prerequisite for histone H3 'Lys-4' and 'Lys-79' methylation. It also functions cooperatively with the FACT dimer to stimulate elongation by RNA polymerase II. H2BK120Ub also acts as a regulator of mRNA splicing: deubiquitination by USP49 is required for efficient cotranscriptional splicing of a large set of exons. Phosphorylation at Ser-37 (H2BS36ph) by AMPK in response to stress promotes transcription. Phosphorylated on Ser-15 (H2BS14ph) by STK4/MST1 during apoptosis.which facilitates apoptotic chromatin condensation. Also phosphorylated on Ser-15 in response to DNA double strand breaks (DSBs), and in correlation with somatic hypermutation and immunoglobulin class-switch recombination. GlcNAcylation at Ser-113 promotes monoubiquitination of Lys-121. It fluctuates in response to extracellular glucose, and associates with transcribed genes. ADP-ribosylated by PARP1 or PARP2 on Ser-7 (H2BS6ADPr) in response to DNA damage. H2BS6ADPr promotes recruitment of CHD1L. Mono-ADP-ribosylated on Glu-3 (H2BE2ADPr) by PARP3 in response to single-strand breaks. Poly ADP-ribosylation on Glu-36 (H2BE35ADPr) by PARP1 regulates adipogenesis: it inhibits phosphorylation at Ser-37 (H2BS36ph), thereby blocking expression of pro-adipogenetic genes. Crotonylation (Kcr) is specifically present in male germ cells and marks testis-specific genes in post-meiotic cells, including X-linked genes that escape sex chromosome inactivation in haploid cells. Crotonylation marks active promoters and enhancers and confers resistance to transcriptional repressors. It is also associated with post-meiotically activated genes on autosomes. Lactylated in macrophages by EP300/P300 by using lactoyl-CoA directly derived from endogenous or exogenous lactate, leading to stimulates gene transcription. |
| Function | Core component of nucleosome. Nucleosomes wrap and compact DNA into chromatin, limiting DNA accessibility to the cellular machineries which require DNA as a template. Histones thereby play a central role in transcription regulation, DNA repair, DNA replication and chromosomal stability. DNA accessibility is regulated via a complex set of post-translational modifications of histones, also called histone code, and nucleosome remodeling. Has broad antibacterial activity. May contribute to the formation of the functional antimicrobial barrier of the colonic epithelium, and to the bactericidal activity of amniotic fluid. |
| Protein Name | Histone H2b Type 1-C/E/F/G/IHistone H2b.1 AHistone H2b.aH2b/AHistone H2b.gH2b/GHistone H2b.hH2b/HHistone H2b.kH2b/KHistone H2b.lH2b/L |
| Database Links | Reactome: R-HSA-110328Reactome: R-HSA-110329Reactome: R-HSA-110330Reactome: R-HSA-110331Reactome: R-HSA-1221632Reactome: R-HSA-171306Reactome: R-HSA-1912408Reactome: R-HSA-201722Reactome: R-HSA-212300Reactome: R-HSA-2299718Reactome: R-HSA-2559580Reactome: R-HSA-2559582Reactome: R-HSA-2559586Reactome: R-HSA-3214815Reactome: R-HSA-3214847Reactome: R-HSA-427359Reactome: R-HSA-427389Reactome: R-HSA-427413Reactome: R-HSA-5250924Reactome: R-HSA-5334118Reactome: R-HSA-5578749Reactome: R-HSA-5617472Reactome: R-HSA-5625886Reactome: R-HSA-5689880Reactome: R-HSA-5693565Reactome: R-HSA-5693571Reactome: R-HSA-5693607Reactome: R-HSA-606279Reactome: R-HSA-68616Reactome: R-HSA-69473Reactome: R-HSA-73728Reactome: R-HSA-73772Reactome: R-HSA-8866654Reactome: R-HSA-8936459Reactome: R-HSA-8939236Reactome: R-HSA-9018519Reactome: R-HSA-912446Reactome: R-HSA-9609690Reactome: R-HSA-9610379Reactome: R-HSA-9616222Reactome: R-HSA-9670095Reactome: R-HSA-9710421Reactome: R-HSA-977225Reactome: R-HSA-9821002Reactome: R-HSA-9821993Reactome: R-HSA-9841922Reactome: R-HSA-9843940Reactome: R-HSA-9843970Reactome: R-HSA-9845323 |
| Cellular Localisation | NucleusChromosome |
| Alternative Antibody Names | Anti-Histone H2b Type 1-C/E/F/G/I antibodyAnti-Histone H2b.1 A antibodyAnti-Histone H2b.a antibodyAnti-H2b/A antibodyAnti-Histone H2b.g antibodyAnti-H2b/G antibodyAnti-Histone H2b.h antibodyAnti-H2b/H antibodyAnti-Histone H2b.k antibodyAnti-H2b/K antibodyAnti-Histone H2b.l antibodyAnti-H2b/L antibodyAnti-H2BC4 antibodyAnti-H2BFL antibodyAnti-HIST1H2BC.H2BC6 antibodyAnti-H2BFH antibodyAnti-HIST1H2BE.H2BC7 antibodyAnti-H2BFG antibodyAnti-HIST1H2BF.H2BC8 antibodyAnti-H2BFA antibodyAnti-HIST1H2BG.H2BC10 antibodyAnti-H2BFK antibodyAnti-HIST1H2BI antibody |
Information sourced from Uniprot.org
