| Host: | Rabbit |
| Applications: | IF/ICC/ELISA |
| Reactivity: | Human/Mouse/Rat |
| Note: | STRICTLY FOR FURTHER SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH USE ONLY (RUO). MUST NOT TO BE USED IN DIAGNOSTIC OR THERAPEUTIC APPLICATIONS. |
| Clonality : | Polyclonal |
| Conjugation: | Unconjugated |
| Isotype: | IgG |
| Formulation: | PBS with 0.01% Thimerosal, 50% Glycerol, pH 7.3. |
| Purification: | Affinity purification |
| Concentration: | Lot specific |
| Dilution Range: | IF/ICC:1:50-1:200 ELISA:Recommended starting concentration is 1 Mu g/mL. Please optimize the concentration based on your specific assay requirements. |
| Storage Instruction: | Store at-20°C for up to 1 year from the date of receipt, and avoid repeat freeze-thaw cycles. |
| Gene Symbol: | ATR |
| Gene ID: | 545 |
| Uniprot ID: | ATR_HUMAN |
| Immunogen Region: | 740-870 |
| Specificity: | Recombinant fusion protein containing a sequence corresponding to amino acids 740-870 of ATR (NP_001175.2). |
| Immunogen Sequence: | LFCRNLKATSQHECSSSQLK ASVCKPFLFLLKKKIPSPVK LAFIDNLHHLCKHLDFREDE TDVKAVLGTLLNLMEDPDKD VRVAFSGNIKHILESLDSED GFIKELFVLRMKEAYTHAQI SRNNELKDTLI |
| Tissue Specificity | Ubiquitous, with highest expression in testis. Isoform 2: Isoform 2 is found in pancreas, placenta and liver but not in heart, testis and ovary. |
| Post Translational Modifications | Phosphorylated. Autophosphorylation at Thr-1989 in response to DNA damage promotes interaction with TOPBP1 and activation of ATR. |
| Function | Serine/threonine protein kinase which activates checkpoint signaling upon genotoxic stresses such as ionizing radiation (IR), ultraviolet light (UV), or DNA replication stalling, thereby acting as a DNA damage sensor. Recognizes the substrate consensus sequence ST-Q. Phosphorylates BRCA1, CHEK1, MCM2, RAD17, RBBP8, RPA2, SMC1 and p53/TP53, which collectively inhibit DNA replication and mitosis and promote DNA repair, recombination and apoptosis. Phosphorylates 'Ser-139' of histone variant H2AX at sites of DNA damage, thereby regulating DNA damage response mechanism. Required for FANCD2 ubiquitination. Critical for maintenance of fragile site stability and efficient regulation of centrosome duplication. Acts as a regulator of the S-G2 transition by restricting the activity of CDK1 during S-phase to prevent premature entry into G2. Acts as a regulator of the nuclear envelope integrity in response to DNA damage and stress. Acts as a mechanical stress sensor at the nuclear envelope: relocalizes to the nuclear envelope in response to mechanical stress and mediates a checkpoint via phosphorylation of CHEK1. Also promotes nuclear envelope rupture in response to DNA damage by mediating phosphorylation of LMNA at 'Ser-282', leading to lamin disassembly. Involved in the inflammatory response to genome instability and double-stranded DNA breaks: acts by localizing to micronuclei arising from genome instability and catalyzing phosphorylation of LMNA at 'Ser-395', priming LMNA for subsequent phosphorylation by CDK1 and micronuclei envelope rupture. The rupture of micronuclear envelope triggers the cGAS-STING pathway thereby activating the type I interferon response and innate immunity. Positively regulates the restart of stalled replication forks following activation by the KHDC3L-OOEP scaffold complex. |
| Protein Name | Serine/Threonine-Protein Kinase Atr Ataxia Telangiectasia And Rad3-Related Protein Frap-Related Protein 1 |
| Database Links | Reactome: R-HSA-1221632 Reactome: R-HSA-176187 Reactome: R-HSA-3371453 Reactome: R-HSA-5685938 Reactome: R-HSA-5693607 Reactome: R-HSA-5693616 Reactome: R-HSA-6783310 Reactome: R-HSA-6796648 Reactome: R-HSA-6804756 Reactome: R-HSA-69473 Reactome: R-HSA-9709570 |
| Cellular Localisation | Nucleus Chromosome Nucleus Envelope Depending On The Cell Type It Can Also Be Found In Pml Nuclear Bodies Recruited To Chromatin During S-Phase Redistributes To Discrete Nuclear Foci Upon Dna Damage Hypoxia Or Replication Fork Stalling Relocalizes To The Nuclear Envelope In Response To Mechanical Stress Or Dna Damage Also Localizes To The Micronuclear Envelope In Response To Response To Genome Instability |
| Alternative Antibody Names | Anti-Serine/Threonine-Protein Kinase Atr antibody Anti-Ataxia Telangiectasia And Rad3-Related Protein antibody Anti-Frap-Related Protein 1 antibody Anti-ATR antibody Anti-FRP1 antibody |
Information sourced from Uniprot.org