Tissue Specificity | Expressed in brain and adipose tissue. |
Post Translational Modifications | N-glycosylation, but not furin-cleavage, plays a critical role on secretion and on lysoPLD activity. Secretion requires simultaneous glycosylation on Asn-53 and Asn-410, while probable glycosylation of Asn-410 has a preferential role on lysoPLD activity. Not O-glycosylated. The interdomain disulfide bond between Cys-413 and Cys-805 is essential for catalytic activity. |
Function | Secreted lysophospholipase D that hydrolyzes lysophospholipids to produce the signaling molecule lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) in extracellular fluids. Its major substrate is lysophosphatidylcholine. Can also act on sphingosylphosphorylcholine producing sphingosine-1-phosphate, a modulator of cell motility. Can hydrolyze, in vitro, bis-pNPP, to some extent pNP-TMP, and barely ATP. Involved in several motility-related processes such as angiogenesis and neurite outgrowth. Acts as an angiogenic factor by stimulating migration of smooth muscle cells and microtubule formation. Stimulates migration of melanoma cells, probably via a pertussis toxin-sensitive G protein. May have a role in induction of parturition. Possible involvement in cell proliferation and adipose tissue development (Probable). Required for LPA production in activated platelets, cleaves the sn-1 lysophospholipids to generate sn-1 lysophosphatidic acids containing predominantly 18:2 and 20:4 fatty acids. Shows a preference for the sn-1 to the sn-2 isomer of 1-O-alkyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (lyso-PAF). |
Protein Name | AutotaxinEctonucleotide Pyrophosphatase/Phosphodiesterase Family Member 2E-Npp 2Extracellular Lysophospholipase DLysopld |
Cellular Localisation | Secreted |
Alternative Protein Names | Autotaxin proteinEctonucleotide Pyrophosphatase/Phosphodiesterase Family Member 2 proteinE-Npp 2 proteinExtracellular Lysophospholipase D proteinLysopld proteinEnpp2 proteinNpps2 proteinPdnp2 protein |
Information sourced from Uniprot.org