| Tissue Specificity | Expressed in lymphocyte-rich tissues, spleen, lymph nodes, peripheral blood lymphocytes and colonic mucosa. Expressed in macrophages. Also expressed in nonhematopoietic tissues such as heart and skeletal muscle. Isoform 2 is the predominant form. Most abundantly expressed in lymphomas with a brisk host inflammatory response. In diffuse large B-cell lymphomas tumors, expressed specifically by malignant B-cells. |
| Post Translational Modifications | ADP-ribosylated by PARP14. |
| Function | ADP-ribosyltransferase which, in association with E3 ligase DTX3L, plays a role in DNA damage repair and in immune responses including interferon-mediated antiviral defenses. Within the complex, enhances DTX3L E3 ligase activity which is further enhanced by PARP9 binding to poly(ADP-ribose). In association with DTX3L and in presence of E1 and E2 enzymes, mediates NAD(+)-dependent mono-ADP-ribosylation of ubiquitin which prevents ubiquitin conjugation to substrates such as histones. During DNA repair, PARP1 recruits PARP9/BAL1-DTX3L complex to DNA damage sites via PARP9 binding to ribosylated PARP1. Subsequent PARP1-dependent PARP9/BAL1-DTX3L-mediated ubiquitination promotes the rapid and specific recruitment of 53BP1/TP53BP1, UIMC1/RAP80, and BRCA1 to DNA damage sites. In response to DNA damage, PARP9-DTX3L complex is required for efficient non-homologous end joining (NHEJ).the complex function is negatively modulated by PARP9 activity. Dispensable for B-cell receptor (BCR) assembly through V(D)J recombination and class switch recombination (CSR). In macrophages, positively regulates pro-inflammatory cytokines production in response to IFNG stimulation by suppressing PARP14-mediated STAT1 ADP-ribosylation and thus promoting STAT1 phosphorylation. Also suppresses PARP14-mediated STAT6 ADP-ribosylation. |
| Protein Name | Protein Mono-Adp-Ribosyltransferase Parp9Adp-Ribosyltransferase Diphtheria Toxin-Like 9Artd9B Aggressive Lymphoma ProteinPoly Adp-Ribose Polymerase 9Parp-9 |
| Database Links | Reactome: R-HSA-197264Reactome: R-HSA-9683610Reactome: R-HSA-9694631 |
| Cellular Localisation | CytoplasmCytosolNucleusShuttles Between The Nucleus And The CytosolTranslocates To The Nucleus In Response To Ifng Or Ifnb1 StimulationExport To The Cytosol Depends On The Interaction With Dtx3lLocalizes At Sites Of Dna Damage In A Parp1-Dependent Manner |
| Alternative Antibody Names | Anti-Protein Mono-Adp-Ribosyltransferase Parp9 antibodyAnti-Adp-Ribosyltransferase Diphtheria Toxin-Like 9 antibodyAnti-Artd9 antibodyAnti-B Aggressive Lymphoma Protein antibodyAnti-Poly Adp-Ribose Polymerase 9 antibodyAnti-Parp-9 antibodyAnti-PARP9 antibodyAnti-BAL antibodyAnti-BAL1 antibody |
Information sourced from Uniprot.org
