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What are monoclonal antibodies?

Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are highly specific antibodies produced from a single clone of immune cells. They are name in this way, due to having monovalent affinity to bind just one specific epitope on a antigen. This makes them exceptionally precise tools for research, diagnostics, and therapeutics.
 

Monoclonal antibodies are typically generated using hybridoma technology. This involves immunising a host animal (most commonly a mouse) with an antigen of interest, then isolating B cells from the animal's spleen. These B cells are fused with myeloma (cancer) cells to create hybrid cells, or hybridomas, which are capable of both producing antibodies and proliferating indefinitely in culture. Clones that produce the desired antibody are selected, expanded, and purified for use. More modern techniques also use recombinant DNA technology and phage display systems to generate monoclonal antibodies without relying on animals.

 

Benefits in Research:

High specificity: mAbs bind only to a single epitope, reducing background noise and improving experimental accuracy.
Reproducibility: Because they are derived from a single clone, monoclonals provide consistent results across experiments and batches.
Versatility: Monoclonal primary antibodies can be used in a variety of applications, like; Western blotting, Flow Cytometry, ELISA and Immunohistochemistry.
Customisation: They can be engineered for specific properties, such as conjugation with fluorescent tags or therapeutic agents.

 

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