| Post Translational Modifications | Autophosphorylated. Phosphorylated under nutrient-rich conditions.dephosphorylated during starvation or following treatment with rapamycin. Under nutrient sufficiency, phosphorylated by MTOR/mTOR, disrupting the interaction with AMPK and preventing activation of ULK1. In response to nutrient limitation, phosphorylated and activated by AMPK, leading to activate autophagy. Ubiquitinated via 'Lys-63'-linkage by a complex composed of AMBRA1 and TRAF6 following autophagy induction, promoting ULK1 stability and kinase activity. Deubiquitinated by USP20.leading to ULK1 stability and autophagy initiation. Acetylated by KAT5/TIP60 under autophagy induction, promoting protein kinase activity. |
| Function | Serine/threonine-protein kinase involved in autophagy in response to starvation. Acts upstream of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase PIK3C3 to regulate the formation of autophagophores, the precursors of autophagosomes. Part of regulatory feedback loops in autophagy: acts both as a downstream effector and negative regulator of mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) via interaction with RPTOR. Activated via phosphorylation by AMPK and also acts as a regulator of AMPK by mediating phosphorylation of AMPK subunits PRKAA1, PRKAB2 and PRKAG1, leading to negatively regulate AMPK activity. May phosphorylate ATG13/KIAA0652 and RPTOR.however such data need additional evidences. Plays a role early in neuronal differentiation and is required for granule cell axon formation. Also phosphorylates SESN2 and SQSTM1 to regulate autophagy. Phosphorylates FLCN, promoting autophagy. Phosphorylates AMBRA1 in response to autophagy induction, releasing AMBRA1 from the cytoskeletal docking site to induce autophagosome nucleation. Phosphorylates ATG4B, leading to inhibit autophagy by decreasing both proteolytic activation and delipidation activities of ATG4B. |
| Protein Name | Serine/Threonine-Protein Kinase Ulk1Autophagy-Related Protein 1 HomologAtg1Hatg1Unc-51-Like Kinase 1 |
| Database Links | Reactome: R-HSA-1632852Reactome: R-HSA-5357905Reactome: R-HSA-8854214Reactome: R-HSA-8876198Reactome: R-HSA-8934903 |
| Cellular Localisation | CytoplasmCytosolPreautophagosomal StructureUnder Starvation ConditionsIs Localized To Puncate Structures Primarily Representing The Isolation Membrane That Sequesters A Portion Of The Cytoplasm Resulting In The Formation Of An Autophagosome |
| Alternative Protein Names | Serine/Threonine-Protein Kinase Ulk1 proteinAutophagy-Related Protein 1 Homolog proteinAtg1 proteinHatg1 proteinUnc-51-Like Kinase 1 proteinULK1 proteinKIAA0722 protein |
Information sourced from Uniprot.org
