• MSC from passage 3 were harvested with trypsin/EDTA and pellets consisting of 5×105 cells were formed by centrifugation. Chondrogenic induction medium consisted of DMEM high glucose supplemented with 0. 1 µM dexamethasone,0. 17 mM ascorbic acid 2-phosphate, 5 µg/ml transferrin, 5 ng/ml selenous acid, 1 mM sodium pyruvate,0. 35 mM proline, 1. 25 mg/ml BSA, 100 units/ml penicillin, 100 µg/ml streptomycin, 5 µg/ml insulin and 10 ng/ml TGF-Beta 1. Pellets were cultured for 6 weeks in medium NA >medium NA >chondrogenic medium NA >medium NA >induction medium NA >medium and medium NA >medium was changed three times the weeks.
  • Ectopic digits were induced by local implantation of heparin beads incubated for 1 hr in 2 µgr/ml rh-TGF Beta 1. For this purpose eggs were windowed at 5. 5 id and the bead (raging between 80 and 150 µm of diameter) was implanted in the third interdigit of the right leg bud. The contralateral left limb or limbs treated with beads incubated in PBS, were employed as controls. After manipulation the eggs were sealed and further incubated until processing.
  • Human TGF Beta-1 protein (Recombinant) (STJP000313)
  • Recombinant human TGF-Beta 1 and BMP-2 were reconstituted to a final concentration of 1 mg/ml in PBS containing bovine serum albumin (BSA) as a carrier. The growth factors were fluorescently labeled using the Dylight 488 labeling kit as described by the manufacturer. Briefly, the growth factors were incubated with the fluorescent dye for 1 h at room temperature. The unincorporated dye was removed by passing the mix through a desalting spin column. The labeled growth factors were diluted in PBS to obtain a range of concentrations from 0 to 200 ng/ml. ECMs prepared as described above were incubated overnight at 4°C with 200 µl of PBS containing either TGF-Beta 1 or BMP-2 at different concentrations. After 24 h, the growth factor solution was collected, ECMs were rinsed twice with PBS to remove unbound growth factor, and the distribution of bound protein on ECMs was imaged using a Nikon Eclipse TE2000-U fluorescent microscope. Growth factor-bound ECMs…

Human TGF Beta-1 protein (Recombinant) (STJP000313)

SKU:
STJP000313

£136.50 - £3,640.50
Current Stock:
Host: HEK293
Note: STRICTLY FOR FURTHER RESEARCH USE ONLY (RUO). MUST NOT TO BE USED IN DIAGNOSTIC OR THERAPEUTIC APPLICATIONS.
Short Description: Recombinant-Human TGF Beta-1-protein was developed from hek293. For use in research applications.
Conjugation: Unconjugated
Formulation: Lyophilised from 0.2 Mu m filtered PBS solution pH 7.4.
Dilution Range: Spin the vial and reconstite in distilled water to a concentration not less than 0.1 mg/mL. This can then be diluted into other buffers.
Storage Instruction: Can be stored in working aliquots at 2°C-8°C C for one month, or at-20°C C for six months. Avoid repeated freeze/thaw cycles. NA
Endotoxin: Endotoxin content was assayed using a LAL gel clot method. Endotoxin level was found to be less than 0.1 ng/µg (1EU/µg). NA
Immunoreactivity: The ED (50) was determined by the ability to inhibit the proliferation of mink lung epithelial cells 0.05-0.1 ng/ml, corresponding to a specific activity of 2x 107 units/mg. NA
Gene Symbol: TGFB1
Gene ID: 7040
Uniprot ID: TGFB1_HUMAN
Immunogen Region: Mature chain
Immunogen: Optimized DNA sequence encoding Human Transforming Growth Factor Beta-1 mature chain was expressed in HEK293 cells NA
Tissue Specificity Highly expressed in bone. Abundantly expressed in articular cartilage and chondrocytes and is increased in osteoarthritis (OA). Colocalizes with ASPN in chondrocytes within OA lesions of articular cartilage.
Post Translational Modifications Transforming growth factor beta-1 proprotein: The precursor proprotein is cleaved in the Golgi apparatus by FURIN to form Transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-beta-1) and Latency-associated peptide (LAP) chains, which remain non-covalently linked, rendering TGF-beta-1 inactive. Latency-associated peptide: N-glycosylated. Deglycosylation leads to activation of Transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-beta-1).mechanisms triggering deglycosylation-driven activation of TGF-beta-1 are however unclear.
Function Transforming growth factor beta-1 proprotein: Precursor of the Latency-associated peptide (LAP) and Transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-beta-1) chains, which constitute the regulatory and active subunit of TGF-beta-1, respectively. Latency-associated peptide: Required to maintain the Transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-beta-1) chain in a latent state during storage in extracellular matrix. Associates non-covalently with TGF-beta-1 and regulates its activation via interaction with 'milieu molecules', such as LTBP1, LRRC32/GARP and LRRC33/NRROS, that control activation of TGF-beta-1. Interaction with LRRC33/NRROS regulates activation of TGF-beta-1 in macrophages and microglia (Probable). Interaction with LRRC32/GARP controls activation of TGF-beta-1 on the surface of activated regulatory T-cells (Tregs). Interaction with integrins (ITGAV:ITGB6 or ITGAV:ITGB8) results in distortion of the Latency-associated peptide chain and subsequent release of the active TGF-beta-1. Transforming growth factor beta-1: Multifunctional protein that regulates the growth and differentiation of various cell types and is involved in various processes, such as normal development, immune function, microglia function and responses to neurodegeneration. Activation into mature form follows different steps: following cleavage of the proprotein in the Golgi apparatus, Latency-associated peptide (LAP) and Transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-beta-1) chains remain non-covalently linked rendering TGF-beta-1 inactive during storage in extracellular matrix. At the same time, LAP chain interacts with 'milieu molecules', such as LTBP1, LRRC32/GARP and LRRC33/NRROS that control activation of TGF-beta-1 and maintain it in a latent state during storage in extracellular milieus. TGF-beta-1 is released from LAP by integrins (ITGAV:ITGB6 or ITGAV:ITGB8): integrin-binding to LAP stabilizes an alternative conformation of the LAP bowtie tail and results in distortion of the LAP chain and subsequent release of the active TGF-beta-1. Once activated following release of LAP, TGF-beta-1 acts by binding to TGF-beta receptors (TGFBR1 and TGFBR2), which transduce signal. While expressed by many cells types, TGF-beta-1 only has a very localized range of action within cell environment thanks to fine regulation of its activation by Latency-associated peptide chain (LAP) and 'milieu molecules'. Plays an important role in bone remodeling: acts as a potent stimulator of osteoblastic bone formation, causing chemotaxis, proliferation and differentiation in committed osteoblasts. Can promote either T-helper 17 cells (Th17) or regulatory T-cells (Treg) lineage differentiation in a concentration-dependent manner. At high concentrations, leads to FOXP3-mediated suppression of RORC and down-regulation of IL-17 expression, favoring Treg cell development. At low concentrations in concert with IL-6 and IL-21, leads to expression of the IL-17 and IL-23 receptors, favoring differentiation to Th17 cells. Stimulates sustained production of collagen through the activation of CREB3L1 by regulated intramembrane proteolysis (RIP). Mediates SMAD2/3 activation by inducing its phosphorylation and subsequent translocation to the nucleus. Positively regulates odontoblastic differentiation in dental papilla cells, via promotion of IPO7-mediated translocation of phosphorylated SMAD2 to the nucleus and subsequent transcription of target genes. Can induce epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and cell migration in various cell types.
Protein Name Transforming Growth Factor Beta-1 Proprotein Cleaved Into - Latency-Associated Peptide
Lap - Transforming Growth Factor Beta-1
Tgf-Beta-1
Database Links Reactome: R-HSA-114608
Reactome: R-HSA-168277
Reactome: R-HSA-202733
Reactome: R-HSA-2129379
Reactome: R-HSA-2173788
Reactome: R-HSA-2173789
Reactome: R-HSA-2173791
Reactome: R-HSA-3000170
Reactome: R-HSA-3000178
Reactome: R-HSA-3304356
Reactome: R-HSA-3642279
Reactome: R-HSA-3645790
Reactome: R-HSA-3656532
Reactome: R-HSA-3656535
Reactome: R-HSA-381340
Reactome: R-HSA-5689603
Reactome: R-HSA-6785807
Reactome: R-HSA-8941855
Reactome: R-HSA-8941858
Reactome: R-HSA-8951936
Cellular Localisation Latency-Associated Peptide: Secreted
Extracellular Space
Extracellular Matrix
Transforming Growth Factor Beta-1: Secreted
Alternative Protein Names Transforming Growth Factor Beta-1 Proprotein Cleaved Into - Latency-Associated Peptide protein
Lap - Transforming Growth Factor Beta-1 protein
Tgf-Beta-1 protein
TGFB1 protein
TGFB protein

Information sourced from Uniprot.org

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