| Post Translational Modifications | Activated by proteolytic cleavage of the flexible loop between repeats LRR14 and LRR15 within the ectodomain. Cleavage requires UNC93B1. Proteolytically processed by first removing the majority of the ectodomain by either asparagine endopeptidase (AEP) or a cathepsin followed by a trimming event that is solely cathepsin mediated and required for optimal receptor signaling. Palmitoylated by ZDHHC3 in the Golgi regulates TLR9 trafficking from the Golgi to endosomes. Depalmitoylation by PPT1 controls the release of TLR9 from UNC93B1 in endosomes. |
| Function | Key component of innate and adaptive immunity. TLRs (Toll-like receptors) control host immune response against pathogens through recognition of molecular patterns specific to microorganisms. TLR9 is a nucleotide-sensing TLR which is activated by unmethylated cytidine-phosphate-guanosine (CpG) dinucleotides. Acts via MYD88 and TRAF6, leading to NF-kappa-B activation, cytokine secretion and the inflammatory response. Controls lymphocyte response to Helicobacter infection. Upon CpG stimulation, induces B-cell proliferation, activation, survival and antibody production. |
| Protein Name | Toll-Like Receptor 9Cd Antigen Cd289 |
| Database Links | Reactome: R-HSA-109704Reactome: R-HSA-1679131Reactome: R-HSA-168138Reactome: R-HSA-9679191Reactome: R-HSA-975110Reactome: R-HSA-975138Reactome: R-HSA-975155 |
| Cellular Localisation | Endoplasmic Reticulum MembraneSingle-Pass Type I Membrane ProteinEarly Endosome MembraneLysosomeCytoplasmic VesiclePhagosomeGolgi Apparatus MembraneRelocalizes From Endoplasmic Reticulum To Endosome And Lysosome Upon Stimulation With AgonistExit From The Er Requires Unc93b1Endolysosomal Localization Is Required For Proteolytic Cleavage And Subsequent ActivationIntracellular Localization Of The Active Receptor May Prevent From Responding To Self Nucleic Acid |
| Alternative Protein Names | Toll-Like Receptor 9 proteinCd Antigen Cd289 proteinTLR9 proteinUNQ5798 proteinPRO19605 protein |
Information sourced from Uniprot.org
