| Host: | Chicken |
| Applications: | ELISA/IHC/IP/WB |
| Reactivity: | Human/Mouse/Rat |
| Note: | STRICTLY FOR FURTHER SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH USE ONLY (RUO). MUST NOT TO BE USED IN DIAGNOSTIC OR THERAPEUTIC APPLICATIONS. |
| Short Description : | Chicken polyclonal antibody anti-MAPK11 (300-350) is suitable for use in ELISA, Immunohistochemistry, Immunoprecipitation and Western Blot research applications. |
| Clonality : | Polyclonal |
| Conjugation: | FITC |
| Isotype: | IgY |
| Formulation: | Contains Tris, HCl/Glycine buffer pH 7.4-7.8, 30% Glycerol and 0.5% BSA, along with cryo-protective agents, Hepes, and long-term preservatives (0.02% Sodium Azide). |
| Purification: | Affinity Purified |
| Concentration: | 0.5 µg/µl |
| Dilution Range: | WB: 1:500 ELISA: 1:10, 000 IP: 1:150 IHC: 1:50-1:100 |
| Storage Instruction: | Store at-20°C for long term storage. Avoid freeze-thaw cycles. |
| Gene Symbol: | MAPK11 |
| Gene ID: | 5600 |
| Uniprot ID: | MK11_HUMAN |
| Immunogen Region: | 300-350 |
| Immunogen: | Synthetic peptide taken within amino acid region 300-350 on human Mitogen-activated protein kinase 11. |
| Tissue Specificity | Highest levels in the brain and heart. Also expressed in the placenta, lung, liver, skeletal muscle, kidney and pancreas. |
| Post Translational Modifications | Dually phosphorylated on Thr-180 and Tyr-182 by MAP2K3/MKK3, MAP2K4/MKK4 and MAP2K6/MKK6, which activates the enzyme. |
| Function | Serine/threonine kinase which acts as an essential component of the MAP kinase signal transduction pathway. MAPK11 is one of the four p38 MAPKs which play an important role in the cascades of cellular responses evoked by extracellular stimuli such as pro-inflammatory cytokines or physical stress leading to direct activation of transcription factors. Accordingly, p38 MAPKs phosphorylate a broad range of proteins and it has been estimated that they may have approximately 200 to 300 substrates each. MAPK11 functions are mostly redundant with those of MAPK14. Some of the targets are downstream kinases which are activated through phosphorylation and further phosphorylate additional targets. RPS6KA5/MSK1 and RPS6KA4/MSK2 can directly phosphorylate and activate transcription factors such as CREB1, ATF1, the NF-kappa-B isoform RELA/NFKB3, STAT1 and STAT3, but can also phosphorylate histone H3 and the nucleosomal protein HMGN1. RPS6KA5/MSK1 and RPS6KA4/MSK2 play important roles in the rapid induction of immediate-early genes in response to stress or mitogenic stimuli, either by inducing chromatin remodeling or by recruiting the transcription machinery. On the other hand, two other kinase targets, MAPKAPK2/MK2 and MAPKAPK3/MK3, participate in the control of gene expression mostly at the post-transcriptional level, by phosphorylating ZFP36 (tristetraprolin) and ELAVL1, and by regulating EEF2K, which is important for the elongation of mRNA during translation. MKNK1/MNK1 and MKNK2/MNK2, two other kinases activated by p38 MAPKs, regulate protein synthesis by phosphorylating the initiation factor EIF4E2. In the cytoplasm, the p38 MAPK pathway is an important regulator of protein turnover. For example, CFLAR is an inhibitor of TNF-induced apoptosis whose proteasome-mediated degradation is regulated by p38 MAPK phosphorylation. Ectodomain shedding of transmembrane proteins is regulated by p38 MAPKs as well. In response to inflammatory stimuli, p38 MAPKs phosphorylate the membrane-associated metalloprotease ADAM17. Such phosphorylation is required for ADAM17-mediated ectodomain shedding of TGF-alpha family ligands, which results in the activation of EGFR signaling and cell proliferation. Additional examples of p38 MAPK substrates are the FGFR1. FGFR1 can be translocated from the extracellular space into the cytosol and nucleus of target cells, and regulates processes such as rRNA synthesis and cell growth. FGFR1 translocation requires p38 MAPK activation. In the nucleus, many transcription factors are phosphorylated and activated by p38 MAPKs in response to different stimuli. Classical examples include ATF1, ATF2, ATF6, ELK1, PTPRH, DDIT3, TP53/p53 and MEF2C and MEF2A. The p38 MAPKs are emerging as important modulators of gene expression by regulating chromatin modifiers and remodelers. The promoters of several genes involved in the inflammatory response, such as IL6, IL8 and IL12B, display a p38 MAPK-dependent enrichment of histone H3 phosphorylation on 'Ser-10' (H3S10ph) in LPS-stimulated myeloid cells. This phosphorylation enhances the accessibility of the cryptic NF-kappa-B-binding sites marking promoters for increased NF-kappa-B recruitment. Phosphorylates NLRP1 downstream of MAP3K20/ZAK in response to UV-B irradiation and ribosome collisions, promoting activation of the NLRP1 inflammasome and pyroptosis. Phosphorylates methyltransferase DOT1L on 'Ser-834', 'Thr-900', 'Ser-902', 'Thr-984', 'Ser-1001', 'Ser-1009' and 'Ser-1104'. |
| Protein Name | Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 11 Map Kinase 11 Mapk 11 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase P38 Beta Map Kinase P38 Beta P38b Stress-Activated Protein Kinase 2b Sapk2b P38-2 |
| Database Links | Reactome: R-HSA-168638 Reactome: R-HSA-171007 Reactome: R-HSA-198753 Reactome: R-HSA-2151209 Reactome: R-HSA-2559580 Reactome: R-HSA-4420097 Reactome: R-HSA-450302 Reactome: R-HSA-450341 Reactome: R-HSA-450604 Reactome: R-HSA-525793 Reactome: R-HSA-5668599 Reactome: R-HSA-6804756 |
| Cellular Localisation | Cytoplasm Nucleus |
| Alternative Antibody Names | Anti-Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 11 antibody Anti-Map Kinase 11 antibody Anti-Mapk 11 antibody Anti-Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase P38 Beta antibody Anti-Map Kinase P38 Beta antibody Anti-P38b antibody Anti-Stress-Activated Protein Kinase 2b antibody Anti-Sapk2b antibody Anti-P38-2 antibody Anti-MAPK11 antibody Anti-PRKM11 antibody Anti-SAPK2 antibody Anti-SAPK2B antibody |
Information sourced from Uniprot.org