| Post Translational Modifications | N-gluconoylated. Cysteine persulfide intermediate is reduced by thiol-containing molecules like glutathione and L-cysteine. Persulfide reduction is a rate-limiting step of cysteine desulfurase catalytic cycle. |
| Function | Isoform Mitochondrial: Cysteine desulfurase, of the core iron-sulfur cluster (ISC) assembly complex, that catalyzes the desulfuration of L-cysteine to L-alanine, as component of the cysteine desulfurase complex, leading to the formation of a cysteine persulfide intermediate at the active site cysteine residue and participates in the 2Fe-2S clusters assembly on the scaffolding protein ISCU. The persulfide is then transferred on the flexible Cys loop from the catalytic site of NFS1 to the surface of NFS1. After the NFS1-linked persulfide sulfur is transferred to one of the conserved Cys residues of the scaffold, a reaction assisted by FXN. The core iron-sulfur cluster (ISC) assembly complex is involved in the de novo synthesis of a 2Fe-2S cluster, the first step of the mitochondrial iron-sulfur protein biogenesis. This process is initiated by the cysteine desulfurase complex (NFS1:LYRM4:NDUFAB1) that produces persulfide which is delivered on the scaffold protein ISCU in a FXN-dependent manner. Then this complex is stabilized by FDX2 which provides reducing equivalents to accomplish the 2Fe-2S cluster assembly. Finally, the 2Fe-2S cluster is transferred from ISCU to chaperone proteins, including HSCB, HSPA9 and GLRX5. Isoform Cytoplasmic: May catalyze the desulfuration of L-cysteine to L-alanine as component of the cysteine desulfurase complex (NFS1:LYRM4), leading to the formation of a cysteine persulfide intermediate. Acts as a sulfur donor for MOCS3 by transferring the sulfur of the cysteine persulfide intermediate on MOCS3. |
| Protein Name | Cysteine Desulfurase |
| Database Links | Reactome: R-HSA-1362409 Q9Y697-1Reactome: R-HSA-947581 Q9Y697-2Reactome: R-HSA-9854311 Q9Y697-1Reactome: R-HSA-9865881 Q9Y697-1 |
| Cellular Localisation | Isoform Mitochondrial: MitochondrionIsoform Cytoplasmic: CytoplasmNucleusCytoplasmCytoskeletonMicrotubule Organizing CenterCentrosome |
| Alternative Protein Names | Cysteine Desulfurase proteinNFS1 proteinNIFS proteinHUSSY-08 protein |
Information sourced from Uniprot.org
