| Host: |
Rabbit |
| Applications: |
WB/IHC/IF |
| Reactivity: |
Human/Mouse/Rat |
| Note: |
STRICTLY FOR FURTHER SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH USE ONLY (RUO). MUST NOT TO BE USED IN DIAGNOSTIC OR THERAPEUTIC APPLICATIONS. |
| Short Description: |
Rabbit polyclonal antibody anti-Ambra1 (1109-1208) is suitable for use in Western Blot, Immunohistochemistry and Immunofluorescence research applications. |
| Clonality: |
Polyclonal |
| Conjugation: |
Unconjugated |
| Isotype: |
IgG |
| Formulation: |
PBS with 0.02% Sodium Azide, 50% Glycerol, pH7.3. |
| Purification: |
Affinity purification |
| Dilution Range: |
WB 1:500-1:1000IHC-P 1:50-1:200IF/ICC 1:50-1:200 |
| Storage Instruction: |
Store at-20°C for up to 1 year from the date of receipt, and avoid repeat freeze-thaw cycles. |
| Gene Symbol: |
AMBRA1 |
| Gene ID: |
55626 |
| Uniprot ID: |
AMRA1_HUMAN |
| Immunogen Region: |
1109-1208 |
| Immunogen: |
Recombinant fusion protein containing a sequence corresponding to amino acids 1109-1208 of human Ambra1 (NP_060219.2). |
| Immunogen Sequence: |
GAAHTSSPQPSTSRGLLPEA GQLAERGLSPRTASWDQPGT PGREPTQPTLPSSSPVPIPV SLPSAEGPTLHCELTNNNHL LDGGSSRGDAAGPRGEPRNR |
| Post Translational Modifications | Phosphorylation at Ser-52 by MTOR inhibits its ability to regulate autophagy and mediate ubiquitination of ULK1. Phosphorylation by ULK1 in response to autophagy induction abolishes interaction with DYNLL1 and DYNLL2, releasing AMBRA1 from the cytoskeletal docking site to induce autophagosome nucleation. Phosphorylation by MTOR inhibits interaction with PPP2CA and subsequent dephosphorylation of MYC. Phosphorylation at Ser-1043 by CHUK/IKKA promotes its interaction with ATG8 family proteins GABARAP and MAP1LC3B and its mitophagic activity. Ubiquitinated by RNF2 via 'Lys-48'-linkage in unstressed cells, leading to its degradation by the proteasome. Induction of autophagy promotes stabilization via interaction with CUL4 (CUL4A or CUL4B) and DDB1. Upon prolonged starvation, ubiquitinated and degraded, terminating the autophagy response. Undergoes proteolytic processing by caspase-6 (CASP6), caspase-7 (CASP7) and caspase-8 (CASP8) during apoptosis, resulting in the dismantling of the autophagic machinery and the accomplishment of the programmed cell death program. Also cleaved by calpains during apoptosis, which mediate a complete proteolytic degradation. |
| Function | Substrate-recognition component of a DCX (DDB1-CUL4-X-box) E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase complex involved in cell cycle control and autophagy. The DCX(AMBRA1) complex specifically mediates the polyubiquitination of target proteins such as BECN1, CCND1, CCND2, CCND3, ELOC and ULK1. Acts as an upstream master regulator of the transition from G1 to S cell phase: AMBRA1 specifically recognizes and binds phosphorylated cyclin-D (CCND1, CCND2 and CCND3), leading to cyclin-D ubiquitination by the DCX(AMBRA1) complex and subsequent degradation. By controlling the transition from G1 to S phase and cyclin-D degradation, AMBRA1 acts as a tumor suppressor that promotes genomic integrity during DNA replication and counteracts developmental abnormalities and tumor growth. AMBRA1 also regulates the cell cycle by promoting MYC dephosphorylation and degradation independently of the DCX(AMBRA1) complex: acts via interaction with the catalytic subunit of protein phosphatase 2A (PPP2CA), which enhances interaction between PPP2CA and MYC, leading to MYC dephosphorylation and degradation. Acts as a regulator of Cul5-RING (CRL5) E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase complexes by mediating ubiquitination and degradation of Elongin-C (ELOC) component of CRL5 complexes. Acts as a key regulator of autophagy by modulating the BECN1-PIK3C3 complex: controls protein turnover during neuronal development, and regulates normal cell survival and proliferation. In normal conditions, AMBRA1 is tethered to the cytoskeleton via interaction with dyneins DYNLL1 and DYNLL2. Upon autophagy induction, AMBRA1 is released from the cytoskeletal docking site to induce autophagosome nucleation by mediating ubiquitination of proteins involved in autophagy. The DCX(AMBRA1) complex mediates 'Lys-63'-linked ubiquitination of BECN1, increasing the association between BECN1 and PIK3C3 to promote PIK3C3 activity. In collaboration with TRAF6, AMBRA1 mediates 'Lys-63'-linked ubiquitination of ULK1 following autophagy induction, promoting ULK1 stability and kinase activity. Also activates ULK1 via interaction with TRIM32: TRIM32 stimulates ULK1 through unanchored 'Lys-63'-linked polyubiquitin chains. Also acts as an activator of mitophagy via interaction with PRKN and LC3 proteins (MAP1LC3A, MAP1LC3B or MAP1LC3C).possibly by bringing damaged mitochondria onto autophagosomes. Also activates mitophagy by acting as a cofactor for HUWE1.acts by promoting HUWE1-mediated ubiquitination of MFN2. AMBRA1 is also involved in regulatory T-cells (Treg) differentiation by promoting FOXO3 dephosphorylation independently of the DCX(AMBRA1) complex: acts via interaction with PPP2CA, which enhances interaction between PPP2CA and FOXO3, leading to FOXO3 dephosphorylation and stabilization. May act as a regulator of intracellular trafficking, regulating the localization of active PTK2/FAK and SRC. Also involved in transcription regulation by acting as a scaffold for protein complexes at chromatin. |
| Protein Name | Activating Molecule In Becn1-Regulated Autophagy Protein 1Ddb1- And Cul4-Associated Factor 3 |
| Database Links | Reactome: R-HSA-1632852 |
| Cellular Localisation | Endoplasmic ReticulumCytoplasmCytoskeletonCytoplasmic VesicleAutophagosomeMitochondrionCytosolNucleusCell JunctionFocal AdhesionLocalizes To The Cytoskeleton In Absence Of Autophagy InductionUpon Autophagy InductionAmbra1 Relocalizes To The Endoplasmic Reticulum To Enable Autophagosome NucleationPartially Localizes At Mitochondria In Normal ConditionsLocalizes Also To Discrete Punctae Along The Ciliary Axoneme |
| Alternative Antibody Names | Anti-Activating Molecule In Becn1-Regulated Autophagy Protein 1 antibodyAnti-Ddb1- And Cul4-Associated Factor 3 antibodyAnti-AMBRA1 antibodyAnti-DCAF3 antibodyAnti-KIAA1736 antibody |
Information sourced from Uniprot.org
12 months for antibodies. 6 months for ELISA Kits. Please see website T&Cs for further guidance
